Biological theories have no relevancy in explaining crime. How far do Essay

Organic hypotheses have no pertinence in clarifying wrongdoing. How far do you concur with this announcement - Essay Example So as to locate a balanced clarification of wrongdoing, countless hypotheses have been propounded. Different factors, for example, abhorrent soul, sin, sickness, heredity, financial maladjustments and so on., have been advanced either separately or together to clarify culpability. 2. Through and through freedom hypothesis: Beccaria, the organizer of present day criminology reprimanded the prior strict false notions and legends to clarify wrongdoing. He laid more prominent accentuation on mental marvel of the individual and credited wrongdoing to the through and through freedom of the person. This convention inferred the idea of causation as far as the free decision to carry out wrongdoing by a sane man looking for delight and keeping away from torment. 4. Ferri accepts that wrongdoing is the engineered result of three primary elements (I) Physical or land (2) Anthropological and (iii) Psychological or social. He accentuated that criminal conduct is a result of an assortment of elements having their joined impact on the person. 6. Culpability is XYY Syndrome: Socio-scientists and geneticists considered chromo substantial example of crooks and connected it with criminal conduct. X and Y are sex chromosomes people acquire from their folks. Male newborn children are composed with XY while female babies with XX design. Y chromosome is forceful and X is inactive. Anyway the bizarre XYY chromosome design prompts animosity and culpability. There is nobody regal approach to spread out the human science of wrongdoing: some have grouped its part hypotheses by their alleged political leanings (liberal, traditionalist and radical, for example); some by their mindfulness or carelessness to sexual orientation; some by their affirmed central presumptions about the character of the social world (old style, positivist, ‘social constructionist’ and such); some by their sequence; some by the extraordinary people who propounded them; and others by ways of thinking. Wrongdoing, all things considered, is midway bound up with the state’s endeavors to force its

Arab women essays

Middle Easterner ladies papers What's more, in no savvy want those things wherein Allah has offered his endowments more uninhibitedly no some of you than others; to men is allocated what they win, and ladies what the earn...(4:32). This refrain is essentially suggesting that each man isn't better than any lady or bad habit verca. It sticks in on the way that each sex has a few preferences over the other. I am here to clarify ladies in the Arab world and how they vary structure us here in the U.S.A. Just as what makes them one of a kind from multiple points of view. Ladies' jobs are entirely different in the Arab workd than they are here in the United States. A spouse must nither recieve male outsiders nor would they be able to acknowledge blessings without their significant other's endorsement. A spouse has the legitimate option to confine his significant other's opportunity of development, which to me is out of line and unfair. He can pervent her from going out without his authorization uless there is a real motivation to do as such. A spouse should likewise not to protest the husbands option to take another wife or to have a separation. In any case in the event that she wishes to not have his opportunity she is legitimately permitted to do as such. Ladies anyway are solicited not to make a showcase from they're figures, not to wear tight apparel that can uncover their shape and figure, nor would they be able to show up in such dress but to there spouses, family members living in a similar family unit, or babies or little kids who have not yet got a sence of sexual direction. Each lady is additionally required to cover her entire body barring the face and hands, which is vastly different structure how we dress nowadays. Be that as it may, if a ladies is old yet at the same time has sexual wants she may remove her over-pieces of clothing however nothing else can fall off. The social conduct of a ladies is extraordinary. Men make their significant other's guarantee that they would obstain structure taking, defamation, and rebellion. At the point when the ladies make this vow; they accept their hands as a make of faithfulness. In any case, there are some that see this as excessive. The pr... <!

How to Write Successful College Essays

How to Write Successful College EssaysIt is difficult to write successful college essays but it is not impossible. In fact, with a little planning and attention, you can write great essays.There are different styles for different types of students. If you are the type of student who likes complex writing, then the more literary style may not be for you. Instead, you may find that the more informal writing style works better for you. The best way to know which style is best for you is to consult with a professional writer.You may be assigned new college assignments all the time. Be prepared to read several pages before you start to write. You should know exactly what your assignment is before you begin. Being clear on what you are being asked to do and why will make the process easier.Most colleges do not have essay assistance in their writing program. This means that you will need to be able to write a letter and then write the essay to tie it together. If you have an excellent grasp of writing English and basic grammar, this will not be a problem.Each essay should contain two or three short paragraphs. After the introduction, start by starting a paragraph. Be sure to put a conclusion at the end of the paragraph as well as a thesis statement.Writing college essays is not easy. However, it can be very rewarding. The hardest part of the process will be putting all of the information that you have gathered together into one essay. Be sure to include everything you can remember when writing your essay.Remember that individual essays should focus on different types of topics. If you find it difficult to write one long essay, try breaking it up into several shorter essays.Be sure to use examples when writing essays. The more information you can show, the better it will read.

Zimbabwe and South Africa - 2491 Words

In the recent years, China has had a growing presence in the African continent, engaging in trades, delivering aid and initiating projects. China’s involvement in Africa is something that has triggered very animated debates among students and scholars. Many hypotheses as to China’s intentions have been presented. Is China really the solution to Africa’s underdevelopment or simply for its own political and economical interests? This essay will present a more pessimistic view on this whole situation arguing the very dangers and consequences of China’s relationship with Africa. Not only does China worsen the countries’ economic conditions by triggering high levels of inflation and unemployment but it also represent a new form of colonialism†¦show more content†¦With China, Zimbabwe would â€Å"never walk alone† claimed Emerson Mnangagwa, speaker of the Zimbabwe parliament (qtd in Obiorah 39). Nonetheless, several experts have condemne d the Chinese government for fueling the ongoing conflicts in Zimbabwe and for helping the authoritarian government in its repression of any opposition. China has been heavily criticized for shipping armament to Zimbabwe that would ultimately distributed to the military and the militia that would help keep the opposition down during the 2008 elections. Although China adopts its non-interference stance, such types of trades are ultimately affecting the country. The delivery of those arms coincided with a time of extreme hostilities in the country and many pointed fingers at the Chinese government for blatant human rights violations (Spiegel and Le Billon 324, 330). South Africa, unlike Zimbabwe, has a more mature and solid political system. Therefore, China has been more prudent in its relation with that country (Taylor 22). In the past, South African leaders were highly critical of the â€Å"Chinese-style communism† and â€Å"Maoism† which was spreading in South Africa calling for a total rejection of the country. However, China still got involved in the conflicts in Pretoria in 1973 as well as in the struggle against apartheid in order to build their relationship with South Africa (Taylor 135-139). While China was pushing for democratization in South Africa, it wasShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting The Electoral Elections Of Zimbabwe And South Africa1345 Words   |  6 Pagesseveral factors affecting declining electoral turnout in Zimbabwe and South Africa. After just twenty years of attainment of national independence from United Kingdom, in the year 2000, Zimbabwe experienced what can only be termed a major setback in its tr ansition to democracy. Without threat of defeat from opposition parties, the ruling party ZANU PF had enjoyed dominance in Zimbabwe, where they enjoyed victory after victory in elections. Zimbabwe Parliamentary Elections of 2000 saw ZANU PF face formidableRead More Comparative Analysis of Economic and Political Cleavages in South Africa and Zimbabwe2326 Words   |  10 PagesComparative Analysis of Economic and Political Cleavages in South Africa and Zimbabwe Introduction Comparative politics is concerned with examining the characteristics or qualities of two different political entities to discover resemblances or differences. These entities can be general in nature, for example, the comparison of two countries, or more specific in nature, comparing two different systems of government. But, whether general or specific in nature, comparative politics tries toRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Botswana, South Africa Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pages1 ​Today, in the world, especially African Countries in the South are facing an epidemic that has gone completely ignored by their very own government. Instead of proposing policies directed towards reducing the amount of HIV/AIDS cases that continue to rise each year, they have chosen to implement failed policies or none at all. Countries that have attempted to enact government policy to try to decrease the spread of the epidemic has ultimately failed in a broad sense. The epidemic is known asRead MoreThe Republic of Zimbabwe1750 Words   |  7 PagesThe Republic of Zimbabwe, formerly known as Southern Rhodesia under British colonial rule, obtained independence in February of 1980 through free parliamentary elections, formally recognizing the country of Zimbabwe as an independent sovereign state. The orchestrators of the revolutionary rebellion of Black Zimbabweans against minority rule were the two major African nationalist groups: Zimbabwean African National Union (ZANU), le ad by Robert Mugabe, and Joshua Nkomo’s Zimbabwe African People’s UnionRead MoreIn Zimbabwe we can see large pyramids these large pyramids are all called the â€Å"Great Zimbabwe† or1500 Words   |  6 PagesIn Zimbabwe we can see large pyramids; these large pyramids are all called the â€Å"Great Zimbabwe† or the houses of stone. The country of Zimbabwe is named after these pyramids. The stone pyramids were built in stages between 800 and 1500 A.D. Looking at historical evidence from archeological sites we see that the ancient people that lived in the region of Zimbabwe had skills in agriculture, rearing domestication of animals, and iron works. (Sibusisiwe Mubi) In different ages different people inhabitedRead MoreReasons for Zimbabwes Economic Decline Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesSeveral decades ago, Zimbabwe was a country with good prospects, being the most rapidly developing African country. Nevertheless, few countries in Africa managed to continue prospering in XXI century, but Zimbabwe did not. Zimbabwean economy lies at the bottom of GDP ratings, faced one of the largest rates of hyperinflation in common history and does not develop due to corrupt administration and insufficient policy. Moreover, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe is responsible for printing money for governmentRead MoreResearch Rep787 Words   |  4 PagesProject Topic: (To research the following) A range of development indicators that South Africa is more developed than its neighbouring countries (Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland and Lesotho) | Mrs. K. Nagiah | | Done by: Caleb Terah Manikam Done by: Caleb Terah Manikam Caleb Terah Manikam11C Reg. no.:10 Geography Caleb Terah Manikam11C Reg. no.:10 Geography Content 1. Introduction 2. Comparison of development indicators in the seven countries 3.Read MoreZimbabwe Is A Nation Country Rich Essay967 Words   |  4 Pages The name Zimbabwe is derived from the Shona phrase dzimba dzemabe meaning the stone house (Zimbabwe, n.d.). The former name of Zimbabwe was Southern Rhodesia. The country is the home to approximately 15 million people (population total, n.d.). Positioned in Southern Africa, Zimbabwe is a region in Sub-Saharan Africa. Zimbabwe recognized for all of the gorgeous scenery such as Victoria Falls, the Zambezi River, Hwange National Park, Safari areas, and Matusadona. Victoria Falls is the worldRead MoreCecil Rhodes Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesCecil Rhodes Thesis Statement: Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) was the main factor in determining the economic and political structure of today’s Zimbabwe (modern day Rhodesia). In the late 19th century, Cecil Rhodes, along with a multitude of armed white settlers, invaded the country of present-day Zimbabwe. All resistance was crushed and the British South African Company was created; this later became the basis for colonization of the entire country. Once Cecil gained control of the diamond and goldRead More Economic Development In Zimbabwe Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pages Economic Development in Zimbabwe The country of Zimbabwe is one of the most economically developed on the African continent . A fairly young political entity, Zimbabwe has only enjoyed recognized autonomy since 1980, the year in which the United Kingdom repealed its imperialistic claims to the African nation . Despite its youth the country has achieved a level of economic development uncharacteristic of sub-Saharan African nations. Second only to South Africa in economic development, Zimbabwes

The Discovery And Conquest Of Latin America And The...

Conquering the Americas The discovery and eventually conquest of Latin America and the Caribbean Islands is perhaps one of the single most important encounter of two cultures. In 1492, when the conquistadores first set foot on the New World, not only did they discovered territories previously unknown to them; but also great civilizations who inhabited the lands. As Marshall Eakin describes in his book The History of Latin America, the civilizations of the Americas were â€Å"monarchies led by powerful leaders†¦ they were built in complex social and cultural systems† (Eakin, 65). Nevertheless despite the Native American’s great achievements, these civilizations possessed a great amount of disadvantages compared to their Spanish conquerors. Such disadvantages played a decisive role in the conquest of the New World by the Spaniards. The conquistadores’ main decisive factor in the conquest of the New World was the transferal of old world diseases into the new world, followed by their s uperior weapons, the Indigenous rivalries, native superstitions, and the aid of black slaves. The greatest factor for the Spanish’s conquest of the Americas was the appearance of old world diseases in the new world. In his text First encounters Higman agrees, â€Å"People of the Caribbean suffered heavily when first exposed to diseases endemic in Europe and Africa but unknown in the Americas. The most deadly was smallpox, but influenza, measles, malaria, yellow fever, typhus, and the bubonic plague also tookShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Effects Of Latin American Colonization2232 Words   |  9 PagesThe Environmental Effects of Latin American Colonization The year 1492 is arguably the most important span of 12 months in world history; nearly a quarter of a million Jews were expelled from Spain, Pope Alexander VI came into power, and most importantly, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot in what came to be known as â€Å"the New World.† It’s common knowledge that Columbus didn’t really discover the New World. Rather, the Americas, as the New World came to be knownRead MoreThe Relationship between Sugar and Slavery in the Early Modern Period3546 Words   |  15 Pageson plantations they established in conquered Mediterranean islands. In the late 1300s and 1400s the Portuguese colonised Madeira and the Azores for the same purpose as the Spanish absorbed the Canary islands. Indeed it was the profits which made themselves available from sugar production that provided the impetus for the development of the plantation system that matured in the Mediterranean, spreading to the Atlant ic and later the Americas on the back of the sugar trade, it was also such a concernRead MoreColonization and the First Globalization2299 Words   |  10 PagesClayton Partridge World History to 1750 Professor Schultz Colonization and the First Globalization In order for one to gain a better knowledge of how terrestrial and ocean colonization unfolded in the Americas, Siberia, Africa, and China, a person must first understand the definition of colonization. Simply put, colonization is an ongoing process of control by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. This means that a foreign government moves intoRead MoreNotes on Colonialism and Imperialism1489 Words   |  6 Pagesyears to weeks * Telegraph invented in 1830s, global reach by 1900 * European imperialism * The British empire in India * Company rule under the English East India Company * EIC took advantage of Mughal decline in India, began conquest of India in 1750s * Built trading cities and forts at Calcutta, Madras, Bombay * Ruled domains with small British force and Indian troops called sepoys * Sepoy mutiny, 1857: attacks on British civilians led to swift British reprisals Read MoreEffects Of The Columbian Exchange1121 Words   |  5 Pagesoften looked at and thought of for all of the good things it brought, like the exchange of animals, plants, and food between the Old World and the New World. But the Columbian Exchange also included the transfer of diseases between Europe and the Americas.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Old World diseases were transferred European sailors to Native Americans. The diseases played at least as big of role in defeating the Native Americans as advanced weaponry did (Craig). In the first 20 years after the first encounter, whereverRead MoreLegacy of Christopher Columbus2614 Words   |  11 PagesThe Legacy of Christopher Columbus Abstract After many centuries, a lot of controversy still surrounds Christopher Columbus. He remains to be a strange figure in history regarded as a famous explorer and a great mariner who made many discoveries in his days. Other people still regard him as a visionary and a national hero while others chose to remember him as a brutal and greedy person who used the rest of the humanity for his own selfish gains. Despite the fact that there have been protests inRead MoreResearch Paper - Is Christopher Columbus a Hero or Villain2022 Words   |  9 PagesChristopher Columbus found a new world and jumpstarted an age of exploration like no other. After he found the Americas there was massive colonization, giant trade increases and more resources such as gold and silver were being surfaced. Europeans learned new agricultural techniques from the indigenous people, the Europeans also acquired a large number of new crops to farm such as potatoes, tomatoes, corn and cocoa. With all of the pros that the age of exploration brought to Europeans it is hardRead MoreAp European History Outline Chapter 10 Essay example5639 Words   |  23 PagesMr. Dunbar AP European History Chapter 10 Outline: Renaissance and Discovery Section One: The Renaissance in Italy * Section Overview * Jacob Burckhardt, a Swiss historian, described the Renaissance as the â€Å"prototype of the modern world† in his book Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860) * In Italy blossomed new secular and scientific views * People became to approach the world empirically and draw rational conclusions based on observation Read More British Empire Essay2886 Words   |  12 PagesTHE BRITISH EMPIRE The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for a time was the foremost global power. It was a product of the European age of discovery, which began with the maritime explorations of the 15th century, that sparked the era of the European colonial empires. By 1921, the British Empire held sway over a population of about 458 million people, approximately one-quarter of the worlds population. It covered about 36.6 million km ² (14.2 million square miles), about a quarterRead MoreRenaissance And Discovery Of The Renaissance4916 Words   |  20 PagesChapter 10 Outline: Renaissance and Discovery The Renaissance in Italy Jacob Burckhardt, a Swiss historian, described the Renaissance as the â€Å"prototype of the modern world† in his book Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860). People became to approach the world empirically and draw rational conclusions based on observation. Burckhardt saw the emergence of the modern world emerge from that of the pre-modern, or medieval, period. Some criticize Burckhardt for overlooking the continuity between

Heart of Darkness Commentary - 893 Words

Tiffany Thet November 26, 2011 IB English Year 1 Heart of Darkness Commentary Heart of Darkness is a novella written by Conrad, a parallel of the very experiences that Conrad has gone through and ultimately a look at human nature at its lowest and cruelest form. The book centers around Marlow, an introspective sailor, and his journey up the Congo River to meet Kurtz, reputed to be an idealistic man of great abilities, as if he was a deity. Ultimately Kurtz’s mental collapse and subsequent monstrosities culminate into a tragic anti-climatic death in which Kurtz utters the dying words â€Å"The horror! The horror!† His dying words seem to reflect Kurtz own feelings and realizations of his very being, his demise and his regret for†¦show more content†¦This is also coupled with the fact that the words are emphasized with exclamation points despite the fact that it was â€Å"a cry that was no more than a breath† further drives home the sense of urgency and pain that Kurtz’s last moments on Earth were. In the context of the structure and the moment in the novel that it takes place it only further cause the reader to have a sense of pity towards Kurtz. His dying words come at an almost anti-climatic stage of the novel further eliciting the sense of pity and regret that surrounds Kurtz. It’s an abrupt ending to this once god-like character which seemed to be â€Å"above† everyone. Conrad’s use of separating his dying words from the passage that describes his death leaves the reader feeling disjointed and makes the death seem almost broken further fueling the sense of regret and pain that surrounds Kurtz’s last words. Ultimately, whether or not Kurtz finds redemption in death the reader may never know however perhaps it is not the brutality, nor the madness, perhaps not even the dark realizations of the character that is Kurtz’s legacy. Perhaps it is Kurtz’s potential for, in spite of his twisted and psychotic mind, greatness and sheer ambition that will be his legacy. Perhaps this is what Conrad wants us to merely see in Kurtz’s dying words, perhaps this is all we untouched humans will see: theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1250 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1902, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness follows the character Marlow in his journey up the Congo River to find the mysterious Kurtz, an ivory trader. In the story, Conrad explores the issues of colonialism and imperialism. The Company has enslaved native Congolese to help them mine for ivory and rubber in the area. The Congolese experience brutal working conditions as the company p rofits off their free labor. Racism is evident throughout the story with Marlow calling the blacks â€Å"savages†Read MoreEthnocentrism: with Whom Resides the Heart of Darkness?790 Words   |  4 PagesEthnocentrism 1 Ethnocentrism With Whom Resides the Heart of Darkness? Antonio Arevalo James Campbell High School Ethnocentrism 2 Abstract This paper discusses Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrads most acclaimed novel, and attempts to determine what the heart of darkness that Conrad speaks of is. I found, through my interpretations, that the heart of darkness is the ethnocentrism that Europeans maintained in the age of colonialism. More specifically, this ethnocentrism broughtRead MoreKing s Ghost By Adam Hochschild Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pageshis research and background was thorough and descriptive. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness served as a primary influence to many people who seeked to further their knowledge on the predicaments surrounding the Congo. On the contrary, rather than displaying literary occurrences, he portrayed creativity in a hypothetical scenario to draw readers attention. Edward Said, author of â€Å"Two Visions in the Heart of Darkness†, provides commentary on the work of Conrad exclaiming that Conrad provided readers a senseRead MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 680 Words   |  3 PagesThe literary device of personification is found in both The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Heart of Darkness. This literary device is shown to further demonstrate the theme, the duality in human nature. Personification is defined as the ascription of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of a theoretical quality in human form. Stevenson uses personification to figuratively make London come alive. Mr. Utterson comments on the scenery byRead MorePersonal Profits Crucial Role in Defining a Human Being861 Words   |  3 Pagesfeeling toward peers. A similar situation is seen throughout many works of literature such as Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, where a mariner named Marl ow, who uncovers the mysteries and horrors of the African interior, seeks to meet an esteemed figure named Kurtz. When Marlow discovers Kurtz’s true nature and actions, he realizes the extreme degree of corruptness the human race possesses. In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad suggests that humans only seek personal profit, shown through character relationshipsRead MoreImperialism Within the Heart of Darkness1143 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism within the Heart of Darkness A phenomenon, The Heart of Darkness, is a classic novel by Joseph Conrad, who reward individuals with their dark nature. The darkness that the characters face within themselves is the anchor towards the main theme of imperialism. Native Africans, around the early 1900s, were victims of imperialism in the novel. The Europeans saw themselves as prodigies and felt everyone redundant wanted to be like them for they perceived themselves as extraordinary. TheRead MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 949 Words   |  4 Pagesalso employs the literary device of symbolism to further display the theme, the duality of human nature in his novella Heart of Darkness. Three major examples of symbolism are evident in this novella. These examples include, light and dark, the Congo River, and ivory. Similar to Stevenson, Conrad uses light and dark symbolism throughout his novella. Yet curiously in Heart of Darkness, light does not symbolize genuine goodness nor does dark symbolize p ure calamity. Marlow proves this when he says asRead MoreThe Ideas of Reality and Perception in Heart of Darkness1350 Words   |  6 Pageswe have been reading. The Heart of Darkness explores reality and perspective in several interesting ways; these include amongst others the interplay of reality and objectivity, the use of otherness to define one’s own identity and the construction of that otherness in direct association with one’s perceptions of oneself. This essay seeks to trace the interconnectedness of the ideas of reality and perspective in Heart of Darkness with a view to both the process and results ofRead MoreNarrative Structure In Heart Of Darkness, By Joseph Conrad736 Words   |  3 PagesA frame narrative structure allows authors to incorporate their character’s reflection and their own opinions into a story. The novella Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, uses a frame structure to tell the story of Marlow, a European seaman, as he journeys into Africa to extract an ivory hoarder. However, in the frame of the story, the people who hear Marlow’s tale seem to be unmoved and do not take Marlow seriousl y. The lack of response from the group suggests they do not want to hear Marlow,Read MoreAn Analysis of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Conrads Heart of Darkness In the twentieth century, nihilistic themes, such as moral degeneration, mans bestial instincts at the core of the soul, and cosmic purposelessness, have

Foundation Management for Business Scenario and Organizations

Question: Discuss about theFoundation Management for Business Scenario and Organizations. Answer: Introduction In the present business scenario, contemporary business organizations face more diverse business challenges in their daily operations than ever. The contemporary business scenario is more complex and challenging than it is being a few years ago. Thus, more and more new theories are being originated for the business organizations in order to enable them to cope up with the change in business scenario (Van Wart 2013). However, majority of the management theories being originated are contradictory to one another. Various different criterions are being emerged by them for the business organizations to face the organizational challenges in effectively organizing and managing the organizational procedures (Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis 2015). This essay will discuss about the various theories of organizing and managing the business organizations. A critical analysis will be done to evaluate the effectiveness of these theories. It will enable to determine that whether there is only one best way to manage or the managerial decision will depend on the situation. Critical analysis of different theories As told earlier, different theories and opinions are being given by the authors in view to the managerial roles and effectiveness of the organization. Several authors are of the opinions that, the policies and strategies in the particular organization should have singular approach and it should not be changed in any situation. According to them, changing of the unified organizational procedures and management styles will affect the organizational cultures. Similar opinion being given by Sahin (2012), regarding the management styles. According to him, the attitudes and beliefs of the managers are one of the key determinants in influencing the best the way to manage. He stated that according to the McGregors theory of x and y, managers lead their employees accordingly. Managers following the theory x follows the authoritarian style of leadership. According to him, this style helps in directing the employees effectively in any given situation. Moreover, due to lack of accumulation of th e opinions from the employees, it becomes easy for the managers to initiate the decision making process by own and in more effective manner. On the other hand, managers following the theory y, offers more options of participation of the employees. According to this theory, decision making process is being initiated with the opinions of the employees. Though, it involves more time but is more effective for the organizational procedures. Effectiveness of transformational leadership Some other authors such as Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo, and Gutirrez-Gutirrez (2012) are of the opinion that, transformational style of leadership is the most effective managerial style for driving the organizational excellence. This is due to the reason that, in the case of the transformational style of leadership. Employees are being motivated for generating innovative ideas along with the visionary goals of the higher level management. According to the authors, this managerial style helps the organization in effectively determining the requirement of the market and initiates the organizational strategies accordingly. The employees are being kept motivated and equipped, which eventually helps the organization in facing the challenges effectively. According to the authors, initiation of this managerial style helps the organizations in handling the negative business environment also. In addition, the motivation of the employees in generating the innovative ideas helps the organ izations in gaining the competitive advantages from the market. Initiation of singular approach of management According to Ertureten, Cemalcilar and Aycan (2013), initiation of singular approach of management in the organization have their own set of advantages for the business organizations. This is due to the reason that, according to the authors, the internal stakeholders in the organization including the employees and different managerial levels are being accustomed with a particular type of management style. Thus, with the sudden change in the existing style of management, they may have adverse impact on their effectiveness. It will take time for them to get adjusted with the new set of regulations. The authors also stated that, other related aspects of the internal management such as communication channels should also have to change with the change in the style of management. Thus, according to them, it will be favorable for the business organizations to stick to a single style of management and modify it according to the situation. There is no best way to manage On the other hand of the opinion that, business organizations should initiate a singular approach of management style, some other authors have given several valid points, which conclude that there is no best way to manage. According to Thompson and Glaso (2015), business organizations should not have a singular approach in maintaining their style of management. This is due to the reason that, according to the authors, business organizations from around the world are operating in different and diverse business environment. Thus, a singular approach is not applicable for all. In addition, the current business scenario is rapidly changing and following of same and similar approach will make hard for the business organizations in handling the business situation effectively. According to DuBois, Hanlon, Koch, Nyatuga and Kerr (2015), it is necessary for the business organization to change their style of management according to the current situation. This is due to the fact that, the requirement of the internal as well as external stakeholders of the organization are changing rapidly and thus, to meet the emerging requirement, they cannot have a single way of management. According to the authors, if the internal stakeholders of a particular business organization are well equipped and motivated in their workplace, then a more democratic management style can be initiated. However, on the other hand, if the internal stakeholders are more comfortable in directive style of management then, authoritarian style will be applicable. They also stated that, the style of management is also determined by the business competitiveness. If the operating area for the particular organization is more competitive and dynamic, then motivation of the employees to generate innovative ideas will have favorable outcome (Aziz and Rizkallah 2015). On the other hand, if the business scenario is less sensitive or elastic to change and it operates in same conventional way, then directive style will be more favorable. Thus, the management style of the organizations should be based on the situation and environment where they are currently operating. Adhering to every management styles As told by Yukl (2012), there are advantages and disadvantages in every kind of managing the business organizations. According to him, if an organization initiates the democratic style of management, then also they will face issue in involving more time in the decision making process. Moreover, it will be difficult for the organization to bring consensus from among the varied opinions of the employees. On the other hand, if the organization initiates the directive style of management then also they will face the issues of dissatisfaction of the employees in their workplace (Sageer, Rafat and Agarwal 2012). In addition, the effective identification of the requirement of the employees will also not be possible. Thus, according to him, business organizations should initiate the situational style by adhering to the merits of all the available management styles. It will prove more effective for the organizations. Discussion From the above critical analysis, it is been seen that several authors have given varied opinions about the best possible way of organizational management. The situational mode will be more applicable and favorable for the business organization due to the reason that, it will help the organization to be flexible enough in coping up with the changing business scenario. Moreover, the current global business scenario is more of customer oriented rather than manufacturer oriented (Adekola and Sergi 2016). Thus, effective determination of the market requirement is important for the organizations to stay ahead in the competition. However, one aspect that needs to be considered by the business organizations is that, strategies and approaches are to be initiated in according to the requirement of the market. Thus, to initiate strategies according to the requirement of the market, the organizational management should be flexible to change with the situation (Santos-Vijande, Lopez-Sanchez and Trespalacios 2012). In addition, the situational style of management will further help the organizations to train and equip the internal stakeholders according the current need. Based on the internal and external situation or environment of the organization, the management style should be initiated. Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that, for the contemporary business organizations, managing the internal operation is more complex than ever. Thus, they should be flexible enough in order to get adjust with the changing scenario of the business. It is been discussed in this essay that, sticking to a single type of management style will not help the organization in dealing with the changing scenario. Analysis done by various authors is being evaluated in this essay and it concludes that initiation of situation style of management will help the organization to change or modify their management approach with the change in the external and internal situation. It is being discussed briefly in this essay that situational style of management will prove beneficial for the contemporary business organizations. Reference Adekola, A. and Sergi, B.S., 2016. Global business management: A cross-cultural perspective. Aziz, H.H.A. and Rizkallah, A., 2015. Effect of organizational factors on employees' generation of innovative ideas. EuroMed Journal of Business, 10(2), p.134. Clegg, S.R., Kornberger, M. and Pitsis, T., 2015. Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. DuBois, M., Hanlon, J., Koch, J., Nyatuga, B. and Kerr, N., 2015. Leadership styles of effective project managers: Techniques and traits to lead high performance teams. Journal of Economic Development, Management, IT, Finance, and Marketing, 7(1), p.30. Ertureten, A., Cemalcilar, Z. and Aycan, Z., 2013. The relationship of downward mobbing with leadership style and organizational attitudes. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(1), pp.205-216. Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of business research, 65(7), pp.1040-1050. Sageer, A., Rafat, S. and Agarwal, P., 2012. Identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and their impact on the organization. IOSR Journal of business and management, 5(1), pp.32-39. ?ahin, F., 2012. The mediating effect of leadermember exchange on the relationship between Theory X and Y management styles and affective commitment: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Management Organization, 18(2), pp.159-174. Santos-Vijande, M.L., Lpez-Snchez, J.. and Trespalacios, J.A., 2012. How organizational learning affects a firm's flexibility, competitive strategy, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 65(8), pp.1079-1089. Thompson, G. and Glas, L., 2015. Situational leadership theory: a test from three perspectives. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 36(5), pp.527-544. Van Wart, M., 2013. Lessons from leadership theory and the contemporary challenges of leaders. Public Administration Review, 73(4), pp.553-565. Yukl, G., 2012. Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), pp.66-85.

Globalization Coca Cola Essay Example

Globalization Coca Cola Essay Globalization describes the proliferate synthesis of the world’s economic, political, technological and socio-cultural systems through the liberalization of international trade and investment or the reduction of barriers to international trade such as tariffs, import quotas and other related import and export restrictions. Globalization has allowed a greater establishment of goods, services, wealth and society development throughout the world, however, its implications such as the unequal distributions of income and employment opportunities due to outsourcing methods to derive relative unit labour costs and the constant company and government power struggles is becoming an increasing cause for concern. Nevertheless, companies continue to expand and develop and take advantage of globalization, which is considered to be an historic trend and an inevitable evolution process. The Coca Cola Company is a prominent, American Multinational beverage company that constitutes its own product manufacturing, distributing and marketing efforts in over 200 countries worldwide. The company that is best known for its bellwether beverage, Coca Cola, was established as The Coca Cola Company in 1889 by Asa Candler and has presently, collaborated with approximately 300 bottling partners throughout the world. It offers 500 brands of products including of diet beverages, sports drinks, teas coffees and juices. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization Coca Cola specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization Coca Cola specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization Coca Cola specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Coca Cola is considered to be one of the biggest brands in the world and the company, one of the world’s first global companies. The influence and impact of globalization on The Coca Cola Company was crucial for the company’s success as statistics prove that presently, 70 percent of the company’s income is propagated through non local operating territories. As a consequence of globalization, the Coca Company has capitalized on many opportunities and experienced many backlashes. When the Coca Cola syrup was created by pharmacist, John Pemberton in 1886, citizens of the United States were delighted and enthusiastic by the new product that was distributed from a cola fountain. As the demand for the product grew John sold the exclusive rights for the product to salesman, Asa Griggs Candler, who began developing the product as a brand. Asa Candler began to introduce Coca Cola throughout the United States by developing marketing strategies such as offering coupons and merchandise with the Coca Cola logo. This strategy soon made coca cola to be available and consumed in every state of the United States. Subsequently, because of the exceedingly increasing demand for the beverage new measures had to be established to distribute the product to reach all their customers. In the year 1894 coca cola was put into bottles that allowed the product portability. Large scale bottle manufacturing activities was then initiated after statistics had proven that the bottled coca cola sales surpassed the fountain sales. The new bottling innovation along with continuous marketing strategies took the company to the global stage and the coca cola beverage was now bottled in Cuba, Panama and Canada. The exclusive right to sell the product was then sold to lawyers, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead whom had to please their exceedingly expanding consumer base as the company was now an international company. Globalization of Coca Cola’s operations allowed the organization to serve a greater variety of consumers that contributed to a great increase in demand however it also affected the company negatively as it also spurred competition. Joseph and Benjamin began implementing and delegating new methods to safeguard their product such as advertising to consumers to demand the authentic coca cola and to refuse substitutes. They also gave the coca cola beverage a new feature, they distributed the beverage in a contour glass bottle that can be recognized anywhere by consumers and this advancement brought new life to the company. The new design allowed the company to further expand globally. The company was also able to utilize outsourcing methods to achieve cheaper labour and machinery costs to enhance the company’s profitability. The company then began distributing its flagship product to Puerto Rico, France and other foreign countries. By the year 1900-1920 the Coca Cola Company had established about 1000 plants worldwide from only 2 plants initially. One can observe how the competitive forces and increasing demand, as a result of globalization, basically forced the company to become more innovative and creative subsequently resulting in better and reinforced marketing strategies as well as an new and more appealing and distinctive image for the product that positively impacted the profitability of the company. However if the company did not respond to the new pressures of the global environment they may have experienced a lesser demand for their product and lose competitive advantage due to the fact that fellow competitors would be given an opportunity to move in on their market share. This would have severely impacted the success of the companies in a negative way as the company would be losing customers thereby losing revenue and profits. So it can be said that a global business environment requires a company that must be able to survive susceptible changes. These susceptible changes are triggered because of the continuous change in consumer needs and wants that is mainly generated by advance the continuous progression of globalization. To survive these susceptible changes companies must consistently derive new innovations and new ideas to keep up with their constantly changing consumer needs. As the world began interconnecting more globally because of technological, political, educational and corporate advancement mainly because of social and cultural preferences beginning to become more similar, new doors began to open for the corporate world to strategize their global operations and recognition. In 1923 Robert Woodruff who was then the president of the company utilized the Olympic Games as an international foundation for the company. The company sponsored the United States team which allowed coca cola to further be recognized on highly publicized international stage. During this event, Robert Woodruff began to introduce new inventions, these inventions were the six pack carrier case, a vending machine and new fountain dispensers with a bell shaped glasses. The games assisted to spur new innovations within the global environment on a more recognized stage thereby further impacting the success and growth of the company. Again as globalization progressed changes in innovations were needed inorder to secure and expand market share, reinforce competitive advantage and please the changing demands of international consumers. Becoming an international company means that one would be serving an international market therefore consumers will have different preferences and with coca cola continuing to derive new methods to distribute their product in different ways consumers will now have a variety of ways to enjoy the product, subsequently this would allow more options for consumer to be pleased therefore attracting more customers and expanding market share. The Coca Cola Company continued to reinvent its marketing strategies to grasp international attention and appeal. They added a new shorter trademark name entitled ‘coke’ to the beverage. This new ‘name’ was responded to with mix reviews as some international bodies slammed the name because it was the same shortened name used for the illicit substance cocaine. Being a growing international success, the changes conducted by company would be more highlighted in the global spotlight due to organizations watchdogs and similar corporations, therefore a greater reaction would be accompanied by the change. In this case the reaction was a controversial one that can negatively affect the image of the company . Consumers were now hesitant to use the new ‘name’ nevertheless, coca cola responded to this matter by creating a young character entitled the ‘Sprite boy’ to promote the new trademark for the product, and even though the criticism pursued statistics have proven that the word ‘coke’ presently is one of the most popular words utilized in the English vocabulary today, so obviously the marketing tactics devised and implemented by the company was victorious. By devising this strategy consumers felt more comfortable with the change and therefore acknowledged the new innovation at ease. As the international success of the company expanded, Woodruff continued to use the arising global opportunities to his advantage. World War 2 had now commenced and Woodruff made the beverage available to all service people in uniform at a cheaper price this allowed the beverage to be purchased in massive amounts during the war which then allowed the company to the opportunity to create 64 additional bottling plants inorder to provide for United States military and service personnel in international countries. This laid the most important international foundation that increased the international market of the company. Most people got to experience their first taste of the beverage for the first time ever this led to business boom after the war for the company. When the war subsided the company capitalized on its new foundation by using advertisements that promoted coca cola as the beverage that can suit any lifestyle and that can bring happiness to one’s life and relieve post war stress. This once again led to a desire for more innovative measures to be established to distribute its product to its consumers and as a result this led to the invention of the ‘coke in cans’. Coke in cans further extended the company’s market share and with the company’s global success progressing substantially, more coca cola manufacturing plants were established in other foreign countries. Globalization also allowed more varied beverage manufacturing companies to penetrate the beverage market. Consumers therefore developed a need for a variety of beverages such as juices, coffees, teas, sports and health drinks etc. This new demand was necessitated by new companies who influenced the desires of the customers by creating further beverage innovations. Coke therefore decided to develop other brands and types of beverages besides its bellwether beverage to reinforce its competitiveness and increase its consumer base in the beverage manufacturing market. The company began producing a carbonated beverage called Sprite, a diet drink called Tab and a coffee entitled Georgia Coffee Original. These new products allowed the enterprise to establish plants in China. The company was the first company ever permitted to sell packaged cold drinks in China bringing the total number of countries that Coca Cola distributes its products to 163. In the 1980’s the CEO of coca cola decided to further strategize the operations of the company in order to improve and extend its operations in a methodology that would increase profitability by organizing the various United States bottling organizations into a public company entitled Coca Cola Enterprises international. The company also introduced another successful beverage on the market, ‘diet coke’ to appease the needs of health conscious consumers. With globalization becoming more persistent throughout years, Coca Cola Company decided to reconstruct the taste of its product coca cola to establish a competitive advantage. Consumers responded to this change negatively and the company had to revert to its original recipe. However its success was not halted as the company continued to collaborate with more international sporting events such as the Fifa World Cup and the Rugby World Cup. The company also started producing other beverages such as Powerade sports drink, Vitamin Water, Fanta and Dasani bottled water. The company also bought the popular juice manufacturing company, Minute Maid and extended its product line. Proceeding into the early 2000’s coke began to experience severe global backlashes. The ingredients utilized in the company’s product recipe became a major concern to consumers, mainly the high fructose corn syrup, as researchers linked lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, dental erosion, strokes, hypertension and osteoporosis to the prolong use of coke’s products. Activists also accused coke’s products of being addictive because of the level of caffeine and other chemicals utilized in the recipe along with the aggressive marketing strategies, researchers even linked the advertisement schedule of the company to the cause for the increase in child obesity. The advertisements for the organizations Vitamin Water product was lso slammed as being misleading as the recipe utilized for the product was not at all healthy. The increase of health conscious behavior was as a result of globalization. Despite coke having substantial experience with the susceptible changing global environment the company failed to establish efforts to appease the demands of t he ‘new’ health conscious era of consumers that ultimately led to this backlash. Consumers were also becoming more environmentally friendly and coke’s damaging environmental impacts such as the polluting of the atmosphere and destruction of agriculture became more prominent to the public eye. The enterprise responded to this new change in consumer behavior by establishing plastic, semi recycled bottles and utilizing transportation that was less destructive to the atmosphere. Coke already had formatted and practiced glass recycling that cut the company’s production costs but this practice only became recognized during this era. It is therefore understood, that with the cultural changes of consumer behaviors that consumers expect corporate establishments to also care about what they proclaim to be morally right. One consumer behavior also initiates a progressive change among society causing the society to adapt and expect the same care to be considered and assisted by corporations whom they purchase from. So businesses must take the concerns of customers into consideration to fully please their consumers. Allegations have also surfaced of questionable, practices constituted by the company. The company was believed to have been involved in a series of assassinations of trade union advocates. It is alleged that paramilitary personnel were hired by Coke to reprimand the advocates which ultimately resulted in their deaths. This allegation seriously affected the image of the company and market share was now on the verge of declining. Coca Cola was also accused of attempting to monopolize the beverage market and therefore incurred a lawsuit that in turn led to restructuring of the company’s competitive efforts that was not as successful as their previous efforts therefore decreasing their competitive advantage and allowing more competitors to capitalize on their market share. Consequently, these events resulted in multiple lawsuits being filed against the enterprise and motivated activists to implement boycotting actions. These activities received major international support and coca cola products were subsequently banned from several universities. The multinational organization responded to the boycotting activities by simply denying any wrongdoing on the company’s part and defending themselves in court. This was realistically a weak approach to such a serious situation that presently continues to negatively affect the company’s image. If boycotting actions prolong, this will negatively affect the company’s market share resulting in demand and profit declines. Ultimately, as the health conscious behaviors continue to develop an additional pressure would be exerted on the company and as discussed before if the company continues to deny the concerns of consumers the company would lose their customers and eventually have to eradicate its operations due to substantial losses. The Coca Cola Company being a beverage manufacturing company is governed and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. As consumers concerns of the health risks associated with ingredients utilized by coke continues to accelerate, these concerns can influence the FDA to ban such ingredients thus affecting the company’s operations. Additionally, with environmental concerns persisting to exist the eventual, forbiddance of specific types of manufacturing plants such as smelters and glass refining plants in certain international territories can also impact the company. International environmental change will also allow further opportunities and threats to be uncovered by companies. Climate Change is an intensifying actualization that will continue to impact the entire world. It is estimated that the future will bring warmer temperatures, with a warmer climate there would be a greater demand for cold beverages and also for Corporate Social Responsibility efforts to save the wildlife and societies that thrives on colder temperatures. The economic recession may even get worst and new methods would have to be established to allow the company to reduce costs inorder to enhance profitability and provide affordable prices for consumers. The Coca Cola Company being the successful business venture can use its marketing strengths and international operating experience to enhance its operations and eliminate current difficulties. The company possesses strengths such as large financial bases and loyal consumers. The company however must first respond to boycotts by giving an international ambiguous and detailed briefing of the events that inspired the boycotts. The company must also include in their briefing, methods that would be establish to discontinue consumer health and environmental concerns associated with the company’s operations and products. The company must also meet with distraught trade unions and the murdered victims’ families to discuss the existing issues. This would allow the company to be respected and thereby contributing to the recovery of the company’s image. The company must then launch research activities to obtain healthier recipes that would allow the same great taste to please the consumers. To replace the high fructose corn syrup the company can outsource cane sugar from Indonesia at an affordable price that would not increase the cost of the company this would allow the exemption of the fructose syrup and replacing it with a healthier substitute. Other unhealthy ingredients can also be replaced with affordable outsourced substitutes that would provide the same taste. If the company refuses to change the formula, an invention that can reduce the effect of the unhealthy ingredients such as a simple powder to sprinkle in the beverage before consuming that would eliminate or decrease the effects of the caffeine and other health risky ingredients can be manufactured and made available to consumers this will bring additional revenue to the company and appease health conscious customers. The company can also capitalize on this health conscious effect by developing a new and affordable 100% healthy juice made from real fruit and vegetables to appease health conscious consumers. Increased labour outsourcing methods combined with ingredient outsourcing products may also derive a cheaper relative unit labour cost that can accommodate more affordable prices to consumers during the progression of the global recession. Coca Cola must also focus more on environmental friendly policies by installing filters in all smoke exhausts and contributing to agriculture by initiating a tree planting program and also educating the public on how to recycle appropriately. Their products must also be packaged and branded with ecofriendly packaging. Coke must also introduce and develop new methods to distribute its products in case of smelters and glass manufacturing processes being abolished in the future. Coke can invent new technologies such as portable product dispensers that are long lasting and ecofriendly. In the event of severe climate change, the organization can constitute donation funds that can allow its customers to donate to efforts to devise methods such as advertising educational programs that states the steps one can take to take a stand against decrease the process of climate change such as eliminating the use of products containing CFC’s and limiting burning isposal efforts and upgrading to ecofriendly products. These advertisements can also highlighlights the company’s engineered ecofriendly packaged products. The company should also pioneer new products that would provide a cooling comfort to societies experiencing a warmer climate and warmer products that would comfort societies experiencing c older climates.

The 12 Days of Christmas in Spanish

The 12 Days of Christmas in Spanish Here are Spanish lyrics for The 12 Days of Christmas, a carol that has been sung in the English-speaking world since at least the 16th century. Los 12 das de Navidad El primer dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³una perdiz picando peras del peral. El segundo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El tercer dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El cuarto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El quinto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El sexto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El sà ©ptimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El octavo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El noveno dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El dà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El undà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³once gaiteritos, diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El duodà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³doce tamborileros, once gaiteritos, diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. Grammar and Vocabulary Notes Primer, segundo, tercer, etc.:  These are the words for  first, second, third, etc.  Primer  is a  shortened form  of  primero, and  tercer  is a shortened form of  tercero. They are shortened in this manner when appearing before a singular masculine noun. The forms used here for 11th and 12th are not common in spoken in Spanish. Dà ­a:  Dà ­a, meaning day, is an  exception  to the rule that nouns ending in  -a  are masculine. Navidad: This word can refer not only to Christmas Day but also to the season in general. Amor:  This is the word for love. It can refer not only to the emotion, but also to a person such as a sweetheart. It is related to the verb  amar. The noun  remains masculine even when it refers to a girl or woman. Mandà ³:  Mandà ³Ã‚  is a past-tense form of  mandar, which most often means to mandate or to order, but in this case means to send. Perdiz:  A partridge or ptarmigan. Picando:  This is  present participle  of  picar, which can mean to bite or to peck at. So a literal translation of this line would be a partridge pecking at pears of the pear tree. Note that here  the present participle functions as an adjective. In standard Spanish, the present participle acts as an adverb, but adjectival use such as this is sometimes used in poetry, journalistic writing, and translations from English. Pera, peral:  Pear, pear tree. The  suffix  -al  often refers to a tree or grove of trees. For example, an orange is a  naranja, while an orange grove is a  naranjal. Tortolita:  A name for numerous types of doves and related birds. Tortolita is a diminutive form of tà ³rtola, which can also refer to a turtledove. Diminutives such as this, while common in childrens music and literature, are not used extensively in serious contexts. Gallinita:  A  diminutive  form of  gallina, meaning hen.  Ã‚  A rooster is a  gallo. Pajarito:  A  diminutive  form of  pjaro, meaning bird. This could be translated as birdie. Anillo:  A ring. Dorado:  Golden. The word comes from ​dorar.  a verb that means to coat something with gold or to turn something brown. The word for gold is oro. Mam gansas:  About the only place youll find this phrase in Spanish is in this song - it means mother geese, but you normally wouldnt say it this way (one way would be  gansas madre).  Mam Gansa  and  Mam Ganso, however, are common ways of translating Mother Goose. Cisnito:  A  diminutive  form of  cisne, swan. Lecherita:  A  lechera  is a female who works with milk, usually someone who sells milk, but in context it could be one who milks cows.  Lecherita  is a  diminutive  form. Bailarina:  A female dancer, frequently referring to a ballet dancer. It is derived from bailar, the verb meaning to dance. Seà ±or:  Although this word is often used nowadays as a courtesy title translated as Mr., it can also refer to a lord.   Saltando:  The  present participle  of  saltar, to jump. Gaiterito:  A  diminutive  form of  gaitero, a piper. The related word gaita can refer to instruments such as flutes and bagpipes. Tamborilero:  A drummer. The related words tambor and tambora can also be used to refer to drums and drummers.

Teacher Education in TESOL (Master's Level) Research Paper

Teacher Education in TESOL (Master's Level) - Research Paper Example 19). Teacher development is the development of a sense of the strengths and weaknesses in a teacher so that the increased self-awareness resulting from the process helps the teacher identify better ways to teach others. Training and education are both the means of development of a teacher. How is second language teacher training different from teacher training in other disciplines? Second language teacher training differs from training of teachers in other disciplines in that it imparts a need for the teacher to study and develop compatibility with different cultural factors that drive the students’ tendency to learn second language, language being intrinsically and integrally linked with culture whereas training in other subjects is not constrained by cultural differences. Teacher training in other disciplines is primarily about developing the expertise of the teacher in the technical aspects of the subject e.g. lab work training for such subjects as physics and chemistry, an d training of software and programming for the subject of computer. On the contrary, training of teachers in the teaching of second language is more about reaching out to the students both individually and collectively so as to understand the barriers they face in developing their competence in the second language. One aspect of teacher training in the subject of second language teaching could be planning and designing of lecture in such a way that it includes activities and exercises aimed at individually targeting the barriers of students in learning the second language, respecting the time constraints of the lecture. 2. Summary of teacher training history and the main theories on teacher training. The history of teacher training varies from one country to another, yet one common and very favorable improvement that has occurred over the years is increased use of ICT and advanced technology in the teacher training. The training of primary school teachers dates back to the late Vict orian period when it commenced almost by an accident after the Kindergarten school was established in the year 1882 (Randall, 2007). Bedford was families’ choice because of the availability of high quality of education. The Training College was established originally with only five students and continued to remain at the site for more than 70 years. The Bedford students followed Friedrich Froebel’s progressive model of training. The system gradually became more developed and advanced. Likewise, the only teaching requirements in the colonial period in America were mediocre learning and low pay. Teacher training began during the 1820s and 1830s in academies that were equal to the contemporary secondary schools (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2011). †¦..and the main theories on teacher training. Ethical theories primarily apply in teacher training. â€Å"We believe that some teaching of ethical theory – the teaching of the ways we can distinguish right from wrong, good from bad - is necessary in ethics courses, but we suggest a modest, not a major role for theory† (Bowden and Smythe, 2008, p. 23). Since unethical behavior is identifiable, students and teachers can individually assess their actions’ rightness or wrongness. Training of the teachers of second language describes the teacher’s notion as a reflective practitioner, that is an individual who reflects on the professional practices with a view to

Religion and Music Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religion and Music - Research Paper Example People face numerous situations where they are compelled to listen to music whether by choice or without it. Even in our Muslim state no matter where we go we are required to listen to music. Restaurants, department stores, homes, cars there is no place where music isn’t played. With the availability of cell phones, I pods and so many electronic gadgets like these have eased the access to listening to music. It is imperative for us to know that what our religion teaches us about music and to what extent it permits us to listen to it. For this we need to refer to the Quran, Hadith and sayings of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and Prophet’s companions. According to these sources, music has been termed as ‘haraam’ in our religion. Interpreters of the Holy Quran have identified the term â€Å"lahwal hadith’ as listening and singing songs, buying singers and buying instruments for amusement. Sayyidana Abdullah Ibne Mas`ood, a close companion of the Holy Prop het was inquired the meaning of the phrase â€Å"lahwal hadith’ and he answered, â€Å"I swear by Him besides whom there is no other God, that it refers to ghinaa (singing).† It is believed that he repeated this statement thrice and his views have been seconded by the Four Caliphs, the prominent Sahaba and other reliable personalities in Islam. Music is forbidden and also regarded as a major sin in our religion. Playing of musical instruments is also a major sin hence it is haraam to play the guitar, piano, drums etc. Imam Ali ibne Musa Reza says, â€Å"And to be engrossed in musical instruments is also one of the great sins.† (Bhimji) A verse from Surah Luqman in the Holy Quran is often offered as a proof of prohibition of music, ‘And there are among men those who purchase idle talk in order to mislead others from Allah's path without knowledge, and who throw ridicule upon it. For such there will be a humiliating punishment.† The word â€Å"idle t alk’ here refers to the word ‘lahwal hadith’ which has been discussed earlier. This word has been interpreted in two more ways but they refer to shirk (polytheism) and diverting people from Allah’s worship which takes us to the same idea of engaging in prohibited activities. (al-Kanadi) However there are contradicting views that can be found among people and some misinterpret that music is permitted in our religion. The Quran says, â€Å"And verily, We did favor some of the prophets over others, and to Dawood We gave the Psalms†. This verse of the Quran is not a proof for those who consider music being legal. Psalm (Zaboor) was the Holy Scripture that was given to Hazrat Dawood by Allah and it contained teachings of wisdom and talked about Allah’s greatness. Nowhere in the holy book is it mentioned that music or musical instruments are allowed. The truth is that Prophet Dawood was blessed with a melodious voice which was intensely beautiful a nd captivating that when he recited the Zaboor men, birds, animals and jinn gathered around him to listen to his recitation. This in by no means indicate that Zaboor was reveled with musical instruments or talked about music.(al-Kanadi) Some people believe that another verse from the Holy Quran relating to Prophet Ayyub permits music and dancing. Allah the All Mighty, commands Prophet Muhammad in Holy Quran, "And recall Our servant, Ayyub, when he cried unto his Lord, 'Verily, Satan has afflicted me with distress and suffering.' It was said unto him, 'Strike the ground with your foot; here is a spring for a cool bath and water to drink†. Many Sufis have taken the phrase ‘Strike the ground with your foot’ as an act for allowing music and dancing however the tafseer of the Holy Quran re

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay #1 -Huck has a grim attitude towards Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Huck has a grim attitude toward people he disagrees with or doesnt get along with. Huck tends to alienate himself from those people. He doesnt let it bother him. Unlike most people Huck doesnt try to make his point. When Huck has a certain outlook on things he keep his view. He will not change it for anyone. For instance in Chapter Three when Miss Watson tells Huck that if he prayed he would get everything he wished for. â€Å"Huck just shook his head yes and walked away telling Tom that it doesnt work because he has tried it before with fishing line and fishing hooks. † This tells us that Huck is an independent person who doesnt need to rely on other people. #5 How is Jim betrayed? How does Huck react? What does this show about his character? How has he changed his mind about Jim at this point? Jim is very much like a father to Huck. He looks out for Huck and he is respected and looked upon by Huck. This is also more significant because Huckleberry Finn never had a father and he never really had a role model. Jim serves this purpose perfectly. Throughout all of his adventures Jim shows compassion as his most prominent trait. He makes the reader aware of his many superstitions and Jim exhibits gullibility in the sense that he Jim always assumes the other characters in the book will not take advantage of him. One incident proving that Jim acts naive occurs halfway through the novel, when the Duke first comes into the scene â€Å"By right I am a duke! Jim’s eyes bugged out when he heard that † In the novel, Huck Finn, one can legitimately prove that compassion, superstitious and gullibility illustrate Jim’s character perfectly. To begin with, among the many characteristics of Jim, his compassionate nature shows throughout the book. When Huck and Jim come across the floating boathouse, Jim finds a dead man inside. He advises Huck not to look as he says, â€Å"It’s a dead man dead two er three days come in Huck, but doan’ look at his face. † At the end of the book the reader finds out that the dead man turns out as Huck’s father. Further on down the river, Huck and Jim engage in a deep conversation. Jim speaks of the family he feels he has left behind. Jim tries hard to save up all his money in hopes of buying back his wife and children when he becomes a free man. He expresses that he feels terrible for leaving behind his family and misses them very much. As a result, Huck feels responsible and guilty for ruining Jim’s freedom. Huck decides that he wants to reveal the truth, that Jim really isn’t a free man. His conscience tells him not to and instead he finds himself helping Jim rather than giving him up. Jim feels so thankful to Huck when he says . . . it’s all on account of Huck, I’s a free man, you’s the best friend Jim’s ever had † #6 Huck is constantly rebelling against â€Å"civilization† in the story. Has he become more â€Å"civilized† at the end of the novel? Why or why not? The conflict between society and the individual is a theme portrayed throughout Twains Huckleberry Finn. Huck was not raised in accord with the accepted ways of civilization. He practically raises himself, relying on instinct to guide him through life. As portrayed several times in the novel, Huck chooses to follow his innate sense of right, yet he does not realize that his own instincts are more moral than those of society. From the very beginning of Hucks story, Huck clearly states that he did not want to conform to society; The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me I got into my old rags and my sugar hogshead again, and was free and satisfied. When Pap returns for Huck, and the matter of custody is brought before the court, the reader is forced to see the corruption of society. The judge rules that Huck belongs to Pap, and forces him to obey an obviously evil and unfit man. One who drinks profusely and beats his son. Later, when Huck makes it look as though he has been killed, we see how civilization is more concerned over finding Hucks dead body than rescuing his live one from Pap. This is a society that is more concerned about a dead body than it is in the welfare of living people. The theme becomes even more evident once Huck and Jim set out, down the Mississippi. Huck enjoys his adventures on the raft. He prefers the freedom of the wilderness to the restrictions of society. Also, Hucks acceptance of Jim is a total defiance of society. Ironically, Huck believes he is committing a sin by going against society and protecting Jim. He does not realize that his own instincts are more morally correct than those of society. In chapter sixteen, we see, perhaps, the most inhumane action of society. Huck meets some men looking for runaway slaves, and so he fabricates a story about his father on the raft with smallpox. 6. Huck constantly rebelling against â€Å"civilization† in the story. This is a book of social criticism. Twain has his ways of criticizing people of their actions and the things they do. Twain does a good job expressing the characters social behaviors. Instead of upfront making fun of Hulks actions he hints towards them or tries to glorify them when he does something that is socially wrong or unintelligent. Huck stages his death. This is not a real bright thing to do even though Hucks father is real mean and is a threat to his life and Hucks life. Huck wants to get away from him so bad that the first thing that comes into his mind is to stage his death so Pap will think hes dead and wont be looking for him ever again. Twain feels that by making Huck do this Twain is poking fun at Hucks intelligence. Not his nature intelligence but his book intelligence. In other words Twain is making fun of Huck. #8 – In what way is Huck a slave? Throughout the incident on pages 66-69 in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck fights with two distinct voices. One is siding with society, saying Huck should turn Jim in, and the other is seeing the wrong in turning his friend in, not viewing Jim as a slave. Twain wants the reader to see the moral dilemmas Huck is going through, and what slavery ideology can do to an innocent like Huck. Huck does not consciously think about Jims impending freedom until Jim himself starts to get excited about the idea. The reader sees Hucks first objection to Jim gaining his freedom on page 66, when Huck says, Well, I can tell you it made me all over trembly and feverish, too, to hear him, because I begun to get it through my head that he was most free-and who was to blame for it? Why, me. I could get that out of my conscience, no how nor no way. Huck is hearing the voice of society at this point, not his own. He does not see a moral dilemma with Jim being free; he is opposed to the fact that he is the one helping him. This shows Huck misunderstanding of slavery. Huck does not treat Jim like a slave when they travel together, this shows the reader that Huck views Jim as an equal in most ways. Huck sees having a slave only as owning the person, not actually being a slave to someone. Therefore, when he helps Jim runaway it would be like stealing. This conscience is telling him that Miss Watson, Jims master, never did anything wrong to him and that he shouldnt be doing a wrong to her by helping Jim escape. This is a totally different view of Miss Watson from Hucks perspective. Huck always disliked Miss Watson, but now that this society voice plays a part in Hucks judgment his views are changed. This society views allows Huck to see Jim, a friend, only as a slave and Miss Watson, almost a foe in his young views, as a dear friend. Twain is showing the reader the gross injustices of slavery in this little incident, as well as his moral opposition to slavery. #2 – Describe Pap. Use his own words (textual examples) to support your description. My heart wuz mos broke bekase you wuz los,(Pg. 85) was what Jim told Huckleberry when he found him again after they had been separated. This is a perfect example of how much Jim sincerely cares about Huck. Huck definitely has very close and father-like relationship with the runaway slave, Jim. On the other hand, his real father, Pap, is less father figure to Huck than a runaway African American slave. Pap is very violent and abusive towards Huck. By looking at Hucks relationships with Pap and Jim and how they are different and similar in some ways, Hucks relationship with Pap, and Hucks relationship with Jim the reader can see how they all relate. Although the relationships between Huck and Pap and Huck and Jim may seem extremely different, they are also quite similar in some ways. Both are father figures for Huck in a way. Although Huck is related to Pap through blood, Jim, who is a slave, cares more for Huck and is more nurturing than Pap is. Come in, Huck, but doan look at his face its too gashly. (Pg. 50) Jim said this as he found the body of Hucks father, Pap. This shows how Jim didnt want Huck to be upset by knowing that his father is dead. Also, Huck is in danger staying with both of these people. With staying with Pap, Huck is in danger because of his fathers abusiveness. Jim and Pap are also alike because of the fact that both of these people dont like their place in society. Pap wants to be wealthier and higher up in society, whereas Jim only wants to escape slavery and own himself. Pap is a very violent drunk. He lives on the outskirts of town, and goes into town only to get alcohol and become intoxicated. I borrowed three dollars from Judge Thatcher, and pap took it and got drunk, and went a-blow-ing around and cussing and whooping and carrying on; and he kept it up all over town, with a tin pan, till most midnight; then they jailed him, and next day they in had him before court, and jailed him again for a week. , (Pg. 21) #2 – What commentary is Mark Twain making about his society in this novel? Choosing Right Over Wrong Maturity is knowing when to do the right thing and following up on ones commitment even when he or she is tempted to do wrong. Huck Finn, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, is faced with such temptations and situations where he is able to make the right choice and mature physically, mentally, and spiritually. He is able to avoid bad decisions, which leads him to become a more mature, established young man. Although Huck Finn finds himself acting immature at times, he still fully demonstrates maturity by the end of the novel. Throughout the novel, Huck is able to recognize what is wrong and decipher what should be right. Huck realizes that the King and Duke are taking advantage of the girls inheritance money. He realizes that what they are doing is incorrect and something should be done. This is first demonstrated when Huck states, It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race (175). This shows that Huck is developing a conscience and that he is able to recognize that what the Duke and King are doing is morally wrong. He determines that taking and robbing from innocent people is not what humans are supposed to do. This is also evident when Huck states, I say to myself this is a girl that Im letting that old reptile rob her of her money! (188). This thought established by Huck shows that he can distinguish between what is right and what is wrong. Huck also shows maturity by allowing negative situations to pass by and misdirected conversation to stop, by not arguing more excessively than necessary. This is recognized when Huck states, Well, I couldnt see no advantage in going where she was going, so I made up my mind I wouldnt try for it. But I never said so, because it would only make trouble, and wouldnt do no good (11).

Einstein :: essays research papers fc

Albert Einstein, the great physicist and philosopher, was born in Germany 1879 in a Jewish family and his life must always be seen within the content of the provincial Swabian-folkways in a rural characteristic. Einstein’s character was so simple that people were astonished that he was able to deduce such complex theories. His childhood also shows contradictions about his failure in school and rejection to teachers. The world’s genius, Einstein, never settled down in one country nor admired Hitler as most of German people. Although he was a simple and optimistic character his life doesn’t reflect a normal stable attitude. As a child, Albert’s parents feared that he might be retarded child since he wasn’t able to talk before he was three-year old; he also continued to have trouble in speaking fluently for several years. In elementary school his performance was so bad that his parents were sure that he was mentally retarded. His classmates and teacher s used to call him names because of his peculiar attitude such as repeating his own words and observing the ceilings for such a long time. Albert’s reaction wasn’t positive, he just isolated himself more. May be his failure in elementary school was due to the fact that he rejected to be taught by others. He preferred to teach himself instead. So when he was a teenager he taught himself advanced Mathematics and science. Einstein carried on with this pattern of independent study for the rest of his life. His father, although a merchant, possessed an inclination for technical matters and so he managed an electrical business where he invented and sold equipment such as dynamos and electrical lamps. He introduced Einstein to the mystery of matter when he gave him a compass at the age of four, which seemed to Einstein that it came from another world as it behaved in such a determined way that it didn’t fit to his into the nature of events. He said â€Å"this experien ce made a deep and lasting impression on me† and he was so puzzled that he deduced that â€Å"something deeply hidden had to be behind things† (Albert Einstein Historical and cultural perspectives). Moreover, his father used to take him at the electromechanical fairs to present his electrical inventions. Perhaps such attitude from Albert’s father had helped him to desire physics and imagine the unknown puzzles of the physical world. However, Albert didn’t see an optimistic world through his mother’s world as he saw through his father’s and hence she didn’t have such impact on him as his father. Einstein :: essays research papers fc Albert Einstein, the great physicist and philosopher, was born in Germany 1879 in a Jewish family and his life must always be seen within the content of the provincial Swabian-folkways in a rural characteristic. Einstein’s character was so simple that people were astonished that he was able to deduce such complex theories. His childhood also shows contradictions about his failure in school and rejection to teachers. The world’s genius, Einstein, never settled down in one country nor admired Hitler as most of German people. Although he was a simple and optimistic character his life doesn’t reflect a normal stable attitude. As a child, Albert’s parents feared that he might be retarded child since he wasn’t able to talk before he was three-year old; he also continued to have trouble in speaking fluently for several years. In elementary school his performance was so bad that his parents were sure that he was mentally retarded. His classmates and teacher s used to call him names because of his peculiar attitude such as repeating his own words and observing the ceilings for such a long time. Albert’s reaction wasn’t positive, he just isolated himself more. May be his failure in elementary school was due to the fact that he rejected to be taught by others. He preferred to teach himself instead. So when he was a teenager he taught himself advanced Mathematics and science. Einstein carried on with this pattern of independent study for the rest of his life. His father, although a merchant, possessed an inclination for technical matters and so he managed an electrical business where he invented and sold equipment such as dynamos and electrical lamps. He introduced Einstein to the mystery of matter when he gave him a compass at the age of four, which seemed to Einstein that it came from another world as it behaved in such a determined way that it didn’t fit to his into the nature of events. He said â€Å"this experien ce made a deep and lasting impression on me† and he was so puzzled that he deduced that â€Å"something deeply hidden had to be behind things† (Albert Einstein Historical and cultural perspectives). Moreover, his father used to take him at the electromechanical fairs to present his electrical inventions. Perhaps such attitude from Albert’s father had helped him to desire physics and imagine the unknown puzzles of the physical world. However, Albert didn’t see an optimistic world through his mother’s world as he saw through his father’s and hence she didn’t have such impact on him as his father.

Yeast Fermentation

The purpose of this experiment was to observe the process in which cells must partake in a respiration process called anaerobic fermentation and as the name suggests, oxygen is not required. This particular procedure, which Is catabolic meaning, it breaks down energy, can be present In to types of fermentation; alcohol In yeast or lactic acid in muscles. This Is a continued reaction from glycoside, where glucose Is broken down Into three carbon sugars.The products of alcohol fermentation are ethanol and carbon dioxide and the products produced by lactic acid fermentation is lactate. As we observed the effects of yeast fermentation, It Is Imperative to know that yeast makes energy through fermentation. Yeast fermentation was combined with several different saccharine such as glucose, sucrose, starch, and fructose. Dolled water was also included In this experiment as another variable. The control was simply a vial of yeast and distilled water at room temperature.Each vial was filled co mpletely with the mixture (the solution was composed of individual saccharine and water) and then the gap was measure in 2 minute increments. The spectrometer was set at a 600 mm absorbency and each vial was measure, once again, in every two minute intervals. The purpose of this experiment was to better understand the logistics behind the fermentation process. In tube one, the succinctness was fumigated. The second tube differed in the fact that there was boiled water, which is not a suitable living indention for yeast, and therefore the enzyme was denatured.There was no carbon dioxide produced when mixed with boiled water but without that variable's presence, there was a greater amount of carbon emission. Tube three had an added inhibitor so therefore the rate of reaction was considered slow which can be observed in figure 1-1 . Adding the inhibitor meant that the enzyme was occupied and not in absorbency. Tube four, the final tube, had the most substrate included and due to this, the enzyme had a chance to bind to an activation site despite the inhibitor.

Website Critique Of An Website On The National Library Of...

Website Critique Nurses are taught to use reliable information to support their decisions in healthcare. Since internet became available, nurses were able to find information quickly and conveniently to help with their practice. Unfortunately, most information on the internet is not monitored. This leads to false and inaccurate information. If this information was used within the nursing practice, it could cause serious problems (Miller et al, abstract, 2010). That is why it is important to critique websites to evaluate the merit of the information. The website I will critique for this paper is called AnxietyBC. The target audience for this website is consumers that want to know more about anxiety and self-help techniques, whether for personal use or for general knowledge. I chose this website because I was diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and I used the information found on AnxietyBC to help me understand what I was going through. I will critique the website and the information presented using the National Library of Medicine (NLM) checklist (Evaluating Health Information, 2015). I will first discuss the provider’s credentials and background. Second, I will discuss the websites funding and sponsors and whether the sponsors used the site as an ulterior motive. Next, I will discuss the quality of the content and determine if the information is relevant, reliable, and practical. Then, I will look at the privacy of the consumer’s information and how it gets