Improving Motivation - 948 Words

Diagnosing and Improving Motivation Motivation is a multi-faceted process, and it is important to understand that all of these facets need to be running smoothly in order for workers to be motivated to perform at high levels. If just one component is low, motivation to perform well will also be low (Pritchard amp; Ashwood, 2008). When a manager finds motivation within their team to be low, it is important to take immediate and complete action. A four-step process that includes planning, evaluation of current motivation levels and diagnosis of the problem(s), identifying possible solutions, and finally going forward with the appropriate solutions and measuring results. In the case study: â€Å"Diagnosing and Improving Motivation†¦show more content†¦She was fantastic at change management and motivating her four sales mangers in the process of motivating their individual teams. She began by changing the sales force’s customer service emphasis. Her first initiativ e was to find out which customer targets her sales people felt were most important and then sent each of her four managers to speak with key consultants from their marketing, compliance, service, and accounting departments to get a handle on what sales components were important to them (Pritchard amp; Ashwood, 2008). What I found most impressive was that Jessica noticed that her mangers were overwhelmed by the breadth the information they received from these meetings and quickly put out the fire by assisting them in finding the information’s key components allowing them to organize their information and initiate a plan as a team. The plan was put into action and Jessica looked into a commissions reimbursement program that rewarded the highest achievers on a larger scale. It worked and within After two of her key managers were promoted off of her team, Jessica would need to start the program all over again with their replacements. With all of the previous experience behind her, this should be quite easy. Since the programs beginning was only a few months back, this would be a perfect time to shuffle groups a little and put the lesser motivated sales people on the new teams with a few high performers to bounce ideas off of. SheShow MoreRelatedLack Of Motivation For Improving Enterprises782 Words   |  4 Pagesorganizations, are vital resource for improving enterprises’ market competitiveness if they are satisfied and loyal to their jobs. However, many Chinese stated-owned enterprises didn’t realize that they need employees to success. The above-mentioned phenomenon might arise in lack of motivation both in hygiene factors and motivation factors that proposed by Herzberg (1959). Hygiene factorsï ¼Å¡ Inadequate financial motivation is the first hygiene factor that influence motivation. With the development of the companyRead MoreImproving Self-Motivation in Employees Essay2027 Words   |  9 Pagesemployee motivation as a fundamental building block in the development of successful businesses. A motivated workforce represents both a competitive advantage as well as a strategic asset in the current corporate world, which is why the issue of building self-motivation in employees has sparked interest in managers. It not only improves the business side of the organization, but does so by keeping employees’ needs met, which improves their well-being. First, the issue of employees’ motivation will beRead MoreReasons For Improving The Level Of Commitment And Employee Motivation Among The Staff At The Radio Station846 Words   |  4 PagesCurrently, there is the need to help improve the level of commitment and employee motivation among the staff at the radio station. Long-term In the long-run, there will be the need to alter the organizational structure to set up clear and efficient lines of command, developing a clear mission and vision that would guide the activities of the firm and enhancing the working conditions at the radio station by improving the nature of their working relationship by offering long-term contracts. Q7. WhatRead MoreD! - Suggest with Justifications, Ways of Improving Motivation for Staff Who Work in the Nhs834 Words   |  4 Pagesjustifications, ways of improving motivation in an organisation setting. Motivation plays a vast part in the NHS as the people are the NHSs most important asset therefore staff need to make sure they are well motivated to ensure that jobs are done efficiently. Motivation is the desire to work that little bit harder. The NHS will try to improve motivating staff in order to achieve a desired goal and sustains certain goal directed behaviours. The NHS could offer improve motivation by their reward systemsRead MoreImproving Student Engagement And Motivation916 Words   |  4 Pagesattention. Furthermore, engaging the learner by utilizing activities that capture their attention and build on their previous knowledge and interests will be beneficial to the students’ growth in the course. Facilitating student engagement and motivation, teachers are encouraged to provide constant and consistent feedback which includes questions and activities which spark reflection (Larsen, 2012). Additionally, the use of reflection was found to be a critical element to designing an effectiveRead MoreImproving a Teams Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance982 Words   |  4 PagesImproving a Teams Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance. LDR/531 Improving a Teams Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance Team collaboration is a challenge organizations encounter because of varies personalities, cultures, and beliefs. According to Web Finance, Inc. (2012), a team is defined as â€Å"a group of people with a full set of complementary skills required to complete a task, job, or project.† A team is structured in an organization, usually separated into different teams to fulfillRead MoreImproving Motivation Amongst HSS (Hospital Shared Services) Employees1880 Words   |  8 Pagesorganization. These four factors are well known among the bottom of the chain to cause a lack of motivation. Lack of motivation within HSS can lead to call-offs, tardiness, minimal job input, and negative biases toward the organization. Once this occurs, the organizational goals of the security company will not be fulfilled and may become noticed amongst corporate leaders at each hospital. Lack of motivation can also lead to a huge profit loss, such as no renewed contracts at certain hospital which leadsR ead MoreThe Impact of Motivation on Workers Productivity in Aquasafe Spring Water Factory1523 Words   |  7 Pages 1. INTRODUCTION MAJOR theories of motivation are classified as those dealing either with exogenous causes or with endogenous processes.where as the latter help explain motivation the former identity levers for improving worker motivation amp; performance.key stratagies for improving work motivation were distilled from the exogenous Thiories .illustrative programs are described for implementing those stratagies ,programs that aim at creating organizations in which workers are bothRead MoreComparison of Two Companies and Their Approach to Staff Motivation818 Words   |  3 PagesThe management of MS was more confident to give the information about their current motivation, empowerment and training development. These tend to look like that the organisation is doing right. The comparison of both interviews, MS were more helpful in term of providing information and straight forward for interview request and received straight way. Conversely Lidl have taken long to respond to my request for interview, once I have received, unfortunately they were not willing to offer. I hadRead MoreCorrelation Between Employee Motivation And Job Performance Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesMathew, Ushus; Johnson, Johney Introduction The human resource is vital for any organization, as it is important to manage organizational employee happiness. Motivation has long been seen as a positive indicator of job performance. What are some great ways to motivate an employee to increase job performance? A performance review can act as motive for an employee to improve his/her productivity. Therefore, when an employee sees his goals clearly defined and is measured against the set goals and objectives

Tardiness High School and Tardy Student - 2076 Words

TARDINESS OF STUDENTS A Term Paper Presented to: Madam Joeyconsly L. Valeroso English – IV Instructor Tandag National Science High School In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in English – IV Presented by: DINESE APPLE JANE C. ARANAL TIRZAH HOPE T. MALIZA BABY JENN L. MORADO Acknowledgement The researchers would like to take this chance to express their gratitude to each one of the researchers’ family members for their support and considerate valued prayers that made the researchers realize this academic endeavor. The researchers also thank them for their patience during the fresh weeks of long hours that they have spent in the final preparation of this term paper. Sincere gratitude goes to the†¦show more content†¦The researchers came up with this study to answer this question. The researchers choose high school students to be the respondents for they can explain what makes them tired. 1 Statement of the Problem This research explores the relationship between school tardiness in high school students. School personnel, school boards, and parents who examine this data will have a better understanding of school tardiness, related school deviant behaviors. Here are the questions this study wants to answer: 1. Are you tired of going to school? 2. What are the reasons why you are tired of going to school? 3. What do you get for being tardy? 4. Does tardiness do any advantage to you? 5. What instances that you can tell that you are tired? 6. What is your feeling when you are tired? 7. Have you ever experienced being tardy to class? 8. Have you ever told your parents that you don’t want to go to school because you’re tired? 2 Significance of the Study The result of the study will give insights to benefit the following persons. Teachers - it will help them to discover what techniques in teaching for their student will not feel tardy during class. It will also enhance their especially ability in teaching and will give more healthy lifestyle. Students - they can express their feelings about being tardy. School - the school will be progressive if the students and teachers will work as one. Parents - it will helpShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : School Tardiness1040 Words   |  5 Pages School Tardiness Darian Alonso Period 5 Ingalls Over the years there have been many changes in the education department. Such changes include lowering test requirements, some may include late work policies or other topics. Some may argue that there are other things that are more important, and some argue that certain things are not at our attention. Something that I have experienced myself, amongst many other students is the tardy policy that most if not all schools have. I believeRead MoreRelation of Tardiness to Performance of Students1681 Words   |  7 PagesRELATION OF TARDINESS TO PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS Researchers: III-Burbank INTRODUCTION Subject Manila Science High School is exceptionally known for students whomlive up to the school’s motto, â€Å"Sustaining the Tradition of Excellence.†Excellence should not only be reflected in academics but in following the rules and regulations as well. Tardiness is defined as the quality or habit of not adhering to a correct or usual or expected time. According to, Chrissy Scivicque,Read MoreShould High School Attendance Be Voluntary?766 Words   |  4 Pages4B Research Paper 27 April 2015 Tardiness and Truancy High school is just a drag sometimes. Getting up early in the morning, having to get out of each one’s own comfortable bed, it’s just terrifying to even speak of. More and more students are being late and just not going to school. This is because high school becomes more of a chore to older students. Sitting in the same classroom, doing the same thing over and over just gets boring for some. You’ve been in school for twelve whole years strivingRead MoreFactors Affecting Why Are the Students Late in Going to the School in Colegio de Las Hijas de Jesus1865 Words   |  8 Pagesaffecting why are the Students Late In going to the school in Colegio de las Hijas de Jesus An Action Research Presented to the Science Department of Colegio de las Hijas de Jesus Iloilo City In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in Research II Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the Study June is the start of classes in the Colegio de las Hijas de Jesus Iloilo. Many students are getting ready for school. Everyday they do their home works and other paper works for school. Student’s attendanceRead MoreGraduation Speech : Columbia Public Schools Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesSchool Description I am very fortunate to be employed with Columbia Public Schools in Columbia, Missouri. Our city is located in the middle of the state of Missouri about 2 hours away from Kansas City, Missouri and 1.5 hours away from St. Louis Missouri. I am currently on assignment at Battle High School (BHS) the newest of three high schools in our city. The building completed construction three years ago and only has academic data for one year. Our high school services 1,400 students from gradeRead MoreTardiness: High School and Students3176 Words   |  13 Pages Chapter I Tardiness * Introduction: â€Å"Every hour misspent is lost forever, and future years cannot compensate for lost days at this period of your life.†- Anonymous. Tardiness can be broadly defined as missing time over the course of a school day. Students showing signs of dullness and their disengagement from school is apparent in actions and words, observed some students come to school appearing exhausted and half asleep, complaining about how early school begins. TheyRead MoreTardiness: High School and Copyright1848 Words   |  8 PagesA. Background of the Study Tardiness has already become a habit of the high school students of Manresa school. Most of them come to school, attend their classes and scheduled appointments not on time. They all have their own reasons; traffic, working slow, waking up late, etc. Most of the students in Manresa School, are even residents of BF Homes. Some are even residing in the Manresa Village, and still, they are arriving late. They are residents who have been probably living in the villageRead MoreArgument against open campus lunch policy1443 Words   |  6 PagesHouse, which was only two minutes away from their school, Loyal High School. When the students ordered their meal, Jennifer, pretending to be over twenty-one, used her sister s driver s license to get Japanese beer, or sake. Although the owner of the restaurant thought that Jennifer and her friends looked young, he suspected nothing. Believing that school hadn t ended yet and that Jennifer was over twenty-one, the owner then brought the eager students their food and sake. After many cups of that strongRead MoreTardiness674 Words   |  3 Pagesnot only require the collection and tabulation of data,but also it entails describing the data presented in this paper.In particular, the study attempted to describe and analyze the factors that lead the development of tardiness among the students of Xavier University High School. Research Setting The research was done in Xavier University Highschool- Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City. June 1999 marked the beginning of co-education at XUHS and the transfer to the new campus at Pueblo de OroRead MoreArgumentative Essay On School Start Time742 Words   |  3 PagesEvery morning students in the United States feel the effects the early start time many schools have implemented. These students are lethargic and inattentive, due to the lack of sleep they are getting every night. Typically, adults see these characteristics as the result of teenagers staying up late watching Netflix or using their cell phones. Many reputable organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and the American Academy of Pediatrics, have researched this problem and found that teenagers

Gaps In Indigenous Not Closing Disadvantage -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Gaps In Indigenous Not Closing Disadvantage? Answer: Introducation According to the statement by the NACHHO or National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health, the term health can be defined as the amalgamation of physical, emotional, social and cultural wellbeing, and each and every individual belonging to the societal community has equal right to achieving the aforementioned state of absolute health (Naccho.org. 2017). The statement of NACHHO further illustrates towards the health care services provided to the public, it dictates the health care services to be provide in a manner that will help each and every individual in need for health care services, are provided with the ability and availability to achieve their full potential as healthy human beings, facilitating the overall well being for the community (Naccho.org. 2017). However I would like to mention that the health care delivery scenario differs magnanimously. The aboriginals have always received differential behaviour from the rest of the mainstream society, and the disparity in the behaviour extends to the health care experience they achieve as well. In most cases, the aboriginals do not get the opportunity to access the health care services that are otherwise easily accessed by the non-natives residing in Australia (Mitrou et al. 2014). This assignment will reflect upon the health care disparities that the aboriginal Australians are subjected to and device a health promotional and preventative strategy that can help in reducing the disparities and achieve what the NAIHO statement aspires for. According to the statement of department of aboriginal affairs, the aboriginals can be described as the any descendant of the aboriginal or Torres State Island community bearing a biological connection with the ancient indigenous or native community of the Australia, and this somewhat racial discrimination has been the sole source for the inequality that this community has faced (Barclay et al. 2014). Considering the health care sector, there are conspicuous gaps in the health care that the aboriginal community receives, and these gaps are represented in life expectancy, infant mortality rates, poor health outcomes along with very poor or considerably non-existent health literacy in the aboriginals. The difference in the life expectancy of the average men and women in the aboriginal communities and non-aboriginal communities is a gap or 10 years. The infant mortality rates in aboriginal communities are 6.2% while the rate in the non-indigenous communities is 3.7%, which is almost hal f of the rate that aboriginal community has (Sherwood 2013). The potential preventable death rate is also 5 times more than what the non-native communities have, and the aboriginal were also 4 times more likely to be hospitalized for chronic conditions when compared to the non-native Australians and the rate of hospitalization has increased 50 times for the aboriginal communities in the last five years (Artuso et al. 2013). Hence it can be stated that there is a significant gap in the health care delivery that the aboriginals receive, and according to the statement released by Australian government, these gaps are, shorter life expectancy, high mortality rates, low health outcomes, and nonexistent health literacy (Oliver 2013). Now, exploring the contributing factors to these gaps or disparities in the health care sector for aboriginals, there are a number of different external and internal factors associated with this situation. First and foremost, one of the major facilitators can be the conservative notion in the society for the aboriginals (Mitrou et al. 2014). Another very important aspect in the health care disadvantage that the aboriginals face is the lack of effective interpersonal communication, according to most of the authors, one of the most important reasons behind the disparities in the aboriginal heath is the fact that there is a significant communication gap between the health care provider and the patients and their families. The dialect is one influential factor in this scenario (Kelaher et al. 2014). In most cases, either the health care providers are unable to interpret the preferences or grievances shared by the patients; or on the other hand, the aboriginal patients and their families are often unable to interpret the instructions of the health care providers. And lastly, the lack of cultural competency in the care provided and the lack of health literacy in the aboriginals contribute to their compromised health status as well (Guy et al. 2012). Now, according to the recent concept of equity in health care, each and every one has a elemental right for optimal health care services. The disparities that dominate the health care delivery for the Australian aboriginals can only be overcome with a robust and effective health strategy (Mitrou et al. 2014). However, in my opinion, the strategy must address each and every determinants of the aboriginal health status and contribute towards the goal of making health care services easy, accessible and affordable for the aboriginals (Britt et al. 2013). The first and foremost element in the strategy must incorporate the concept for cultural competency, from my own personal experience, I can add that the major reason behind the aboriginals not opting for health care services is due to the fear they have for their cultural safety and dignity. It has to be understood that the aboriginals have deep rooted traditional values and beliefs regarding healing and health, and the modern health acr e techniques often clash with their traditional healing principles. Hence, the health strategy must incorporate the cultural competency in designing care for the aboriginals, involving a cultural safety liaison officer and language expert will be extremely helpful in overcoming the communication gap (Bourke et al. 2012). The second component of the strategy must take into consideration the absolute lack of health education in the aboriginals. It has to be understood in this context that there are a number of different government policies in place that provides primary health care services, immunization and maternity help to the aboriginal women and children without a cost, although most of the aboriginals have no knowledge of these benefits they are endowed. Hence in my opinion, the best strategy to be implemented in order to improve the health of the aboriginals is a promotional or awareness strategy that will help the aboriginal individuals be aware of the health statistics and benefits that the aboriginals are allowed by the government (Artuso et al. 2013). In my opinion, the lack of health literacy in the aboriginals is mostly due to the compromised education patterns observed in the aboriginals; hence the promotional strategies should involve informative seminars, workshops and campaigns involvi ng all the different age groups of aboriginal communities (AIHW 2017). However care should be taken that the information about preventative health care and healthy living is conveyed to the aborigines in a simple pattern that will be easy for the aboriginals to understand. The promotional component must also incorporate details like preventative health and hygiene, vaccination and immunization, primary health priorities and neonatal care. Lastly, the strategy will also need to integrate the aspect of the discrimination in the health care staff that is reflected onto the experience that the aboriginals receive. Hence it is imperative for change to be incorporated into the outlook of the health care providers to the indigenous communities (Artuso et al. 2013). This goal of the strategy can be achieved through extensive motivational training and leadership development. On a concluding note, it can be stated that the there are a myriad of health care disparities for the residents of aboriginal and Torres state Island, and these disparities are deep rooted and profoundly contribute to deteriorating health outcome for the aboriginals. However, with adequate strategic planning and actions the disparities can be reduced and if all the associated stakeholders contribute efforts the goal of NACHHO statement to provide adequate health and living standards to the aboriginals can be achieved. References: Abs.gov.au. (2017). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au [Accessed 11 Oct. 2017]. www.abs.gov.au Artuso, S., Cargo, M., Brown, A. and Daniel, M., 2013. Factors influencing health care utilisation among Aboriginal cardiac patients in central Australia: a qualitative study.BMC Health Services Research,13(1), p.83. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-13-83 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2017). Home. [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au [Accessed 11 Oct. 2017]. https://www.aihw.gov.au Barclay, L., Kruske, S., Bar-Zeev, S., Steenkamp, M., Josif, C., Narjic, C.W., Wardaguga, M., Belton, S., Gao, Y., Dunbar, T. and Kildea, S., 2014. Improving Aboriginal maternal and infant health services in the Top Endof Australia; synthesis of the findings of a health services research program aimed at engaging stakeholders, developing research capacity and embedding change.BMC health services research,14(1), p.241. Bourke, L., Humphreys, J.S., Wakerman, J. and Taylor, J., 2012. Understanding rural and remote health: a framework for analysis in Australia.Health Place,18(3), pp.496-503. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22418016 Britt, H., Miller, G.C., Henderson, J., Bayram, C., Valenti, L., Harrison, C., Charles, J., Pan, Y., Zhang, C., Pollack, A.J. and O'Halloran, J., 2013.General Practice Activity in Australia 2012-13: BEACH: Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health(No. 33). Sydney University Press. link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12875-014-0186-5 Guy, R., Ward, J.S., Smith, K.S., Su, J.Y., Huang, R.L., Tangey, A., Skov, S., Rumbold, A., Silver, B., Donovan, B. and Kaldor, J.M., 2012. The impact of sexually transmissible infection programs in remote Aboriginal communities in Australia: a systematic review.Sexual health,9(3), pp.205-212. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22697136 Kelaher, M., Sabanovic, H., La Brooy, C., Lock, M., Lusher, D. and Brown, L., 2014. Does more equitable governance lead to more equitable health care? A case study based on the implementation of health reform in Aboriginal health Australia.Social Science Medicine,123, pp.278-286. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953614004614 Mitrou, F., Cooke, M., Lawrence, D., Povah, D., Mobilia, E., Guimond, E. and Zubrick, S.R., 2014. Gaps in Indigenous disadvantage not closing: a census cohort study of social determinants of health in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand from 19812006.BMC Public Health,14(1), p.201. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24568143 Naccho.org. (2017). NACCHO. [online] Available at: https://www.naccho.org [Accessed 9 Oct. 2017]. www.naccho.org Oliver, S.J., 2013. The role of traditional medicine practice in primary health care within Aboriginal Australia: a review of the literature.Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine,9(1), p.46. https://ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-4269-9-4 Sherwood, J., 2013. ColonisationIts bad for your health: The context of Aboriginal health.Contemporary nurse,46(1), pp.28-40. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24716759 References:

Slaughter House Five Essays (851 words) - , Term Papers

Slaughter House Five It seems as though all we hear on the news lately is bad news. So it goes, right? After all, if we took to heart all the tragedies that occur everyday in the world we'd never get out of bed in the morning. We would have an overload of grief so heavy that we'd probably all die of a broken heart. What we sometimes forget is that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Likewise, every time someone dies another is born. Every time a marriage ends in divorce, a newlywed couple celebrates their honeymoon somewhere else in the world. The world is in a constant state of renewal. So why do we only notice the bad things? Probably because we're human. Even though the bulk of our problems are self-inflicted or man-made, they still come as a shock to us nearly every time. We have created an absurd time to live in. So now what? How do we deal with it? How should we react to the horrors of war, heartache, and famine? Do we try to solve our problems all at once, or do we sit back and watch things fall apart? Kurt Vonnegut has an interesting idea of what to do, as is shown in his novel, Slaughter House Five. Vonnegut's prescription for dealing with the tragic absurdity of the twentieth century is to simply not deal with it. In his novel, Vonnegut shows that he is more inclined to sit back and watch than to let things effect him. Being an anti-war novel, his book is filled with shocking events and gruesome deaths. But Vonnegut portrays death as something trivial. Every time someone dies or something bad happens where the reader might think "oh my gosh, that's awful!" Vonnegut says, "so it goes." It's as if he saying that that kind of thing happens all the time and since no one can stop it we shouldn't get all worked up about it. But he goes to the extent to make the reader think he doesn't care. When he reacts this way up to four times in one page, it's like he's suggesting we glaze over the horrible moments as if they never really happened. Vonnegut's main character, Billy Pilgrim, has learned how to glaze over bad times like this. He has become, as he says, "unstuck in time," meaning his life is no longer in chronological order. It has become, to him, a series of moments. As he learned from the Tralfamadorians, he is able to time travel to any given moment in his life whenever he wants. Billy hasn't yet learned how to choose what moment he travels to, but he seems to be able to choose when he goes. He hops around from moment to moment as if he's flipping channels on a TV. For example, he starts out talking to his daughter, and then he gets in an argument with her and finds himself on Tralfamadore, where he is being displayed in a "zoo" for the locals to observe. Then he finds himself in bed with his wife on their honeymoon. When he gets up to look for the bathroom, he finds himself as a prisoner of war looking for the latrine. When he finds it, he sees that some of the other prisoners have become violently ill and are writhing in pain. So it goes. He is then reminded of his stay in a veteran's hospital and is transported there, where he has to listen to his roommate complain about him as if he's not there. Then he finds himself on the bank of a river being beaten in the snow, and hears the gunshots of two of his other travel mates being shot. So it goes. Next he is being led through an underground passage in Dresden, a city that will later be bombed, in which more people will die than in the bombing of Hiroshima. So it goes. The story is broken up like this throughout the novel. Every time Billy is in a bad situation he time travels. Therefore he never really deals with the present situation. He ignores his present situation instead. He's deciding to live in other moments in the past and future. He's living in denial. Through this example Vonnegut seems to be telling us that we don't need to put up with today's absurdities. We can live in the past (or future) like Billy. A lot of people do this. They

A Brief History of the Microscope

A Brief History of the Microscope During that historic period known as the Renaissance, after the dark Middle Ages, there occurred the inventions of printing, gunpowder and the mariners compass, followed by the discovery of America. Equally remarkable was the invention of the light microscope: an instrument that enables the human eye, by means of a lens or combinations of lenses, to observe enlarged images of tiny objects. It made visible the fascinating details of worlds within worlds. Invention of Glass Lenses Long before, in the hazy unrecorded past, someone picked up a piece of transparent crystal thicker in the middle than at the edges, looked through it, and discovered that it made things look larger. Someone also found that such a crystal would focus the suns rays and set fire to a piece of parchment or cloth. Magnifiers and burning glasses or magnifying glasses are mentioned in the writings of Seneca and Pliny the Elder, Roman philosophers during the first century A. D., but apparently they were not used much until the invention of spectacles, toward the end of the 13th century. They were named lenses because they are shaped like the seeds of a lentil. The earliest simple microscope was merely a tube with a plate for the object at one end and, at the other, a lens which gave a magnification less than ten diameters ten times the actual size. These excited general wonder when used to view fleas or tiny creeping things and so were dubbed flea glasses. Birth of the Light Microscope About 1590, two Dutch spectacle makers, Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans, while experimenting with several lenses in a tube, discovered that nearby objects appeared greatly enlarged. That was the forerunner of the compound microscope and of the telescope. In 1609, Galileo, father of modern physics and astronomy, heard of these early experiments, worked out the principles of lenses, and made a much better instrument with a focusing device. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) The father of microscopy, Anton van Leeuwenhoek of Holland, started as an apprentice in a dry goods store where magnifying glasses were used to count the threads in cloth. He taught himself new methods for grinding and polishing tiny lenses of great curvature which gave magnifications up to 270 diameters, the finest known at that time. These led to the building of his microscopes and the biological discoveries for which he is famous. He was the first to see and describe bacteria, yeast plants, the teeming life in a drop of water, and the circulation of blood corpuscles in capillaries. During a long life, he used his lenses to make pioneer studies on an extraordinary variety of things, both living and non-living and reported his findings in over a hundred letters to the Royal Society of England and the French Academy. Robert Hooke Robert Hooke, the English father of microscopy, re-confirmed Anton van Leeuwenhoeks discoveries of the existence of tiny living organisms in a drop of water. Hooke made a copy of Leeuwenhoeks light microscope and then improved upon his design. Charles A. Spencer Later, few major improvements were made until the middle of the 19th century. Then several European countries began to manufacture fine optical equipment but none finer than the marvelous instruments built by the American, Charles A. Spencer, and the industry he founded. Present day instruments, changed but little, give magnifications up to 1250 diameters with ordinary light and up to 5000 with blue light. Beyond the Light Microscope A light microscope, even one with perfect lenses and perfect illumination, simply cannot be used to distinguish objects that are smaller than half the wavelength of light. White light has an average wavelength of 0.55 micrometers, half of which is 0.275 micrometers. (One micrometer is a thousandth of a millimeter, and there are about 25,000 micrometers to an inch. Micrometers are also called microns.) Any two lines that are closer together than 0.275 micrometers will be seen as a single line, and any object with a diameter smaller than 0.275 micrometers will be invisible or, at best, show up as a blur. To see tiny particles under a microscope, scientists must bypass light altogether and use a different sort of illumination, one with a shorter wavelength. The Electron Microscope The introduction of the electron microscope in the 1930s filled the bill. Co-invented by Germans, Max Knoll, and Ernst Ruska in 1931, Ernst Ruska was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1986 for his invention. (The other half of the Nobel Prize was divided between Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig for the STM.) In this kind of microscope, electrons are speeded up in a vacuum until their wavelength is extremely short, only one hundred-thousandth that of white light. Beams of these fast-moving electrons are focused on a cell sample and are absorbed or scattered by the cells parts so as to form an image on an electron-sensitive photographic plate. Power of the Electron Microscope If pushed to the limit, electron microscopes can make it possible to view objects as small as the diameter of an atom. Most electron microscopes used to study biological material can see down to about 10 angstromsan incredible feat, for although this does not make atoms visible, it does allow researchers to distinguish individual molecules of biological importance. In effect, it can magnify objects up to 1 million times. Nevertheless, all electron microscopes suffer from a serious drawback. Since no living specimen can survive under their high vacuum, they cannot show the ever-changing movements that characterize a living cell. Light Microscope Vs Electron Microscope Using an instrument the size of his palm, Anton van Leeuwenhoek was able to study the movements of one-celled organisms. Modern descendants of van Leeuwenhoeks light microscope can be over 6 feet tall, but they continue to be indispensable to cell biologists because, unlike electron microscopes, light microscopes enable the user to see living cells in action. The primary challenge for light microscopists since van Leeuwenhoeks time has been to enhance the contrast between pale cells and their paler surroundings so that cell structures and movement can be seen more easily. To do this they have devised ingenious strategies involving video cameras, polarized light, digitizing computers, and other techniques that are yielding vast improvements, in contrast, fueling a renaissance in light microscopy.

3 Grammatical Errors and Funnies from DollarsandSense Coupon Flyer!

3 Grammatical Errors and Funnies from DollarsandSense Coupon Flyer! Magazines and flyers are constant sources of grammatical errors and other interesting blog material for The Essay Expert.   This week Im writing just a few examples of what I found in the ads populating a recent Madisons DollarsandSense coupon flyer.   These examples are good reminders to pay attention to your writing! 1.   Ad for ChoreCare (www.ChoreCareMadison.com) Original text:   All jobs work is customized to meet your needs. Commentary:   Jobs work are two things and the verb should therefore be plural. Correction:   All jobs work are customized to meet your needs. This error is very common and I find myself making it more often than I’d like to admit.   A few days ago, I wrote, regarding the improvement to one of my client’s resumes:   The other bullets show his success on both the artistic and strategic side of marketing. I quickly caught my error and changed â€Å"side† to â€Å"sides,† since I was talking about two sides – plural! What makes this one slippery is that in speech, we often do not distinguish between the singular and plural in situations such as the ones above.   I see this as another example of purist vs. progressive language (see Top 10 Obsolete Grammar Rules – by Steven Sawyer). Whether you are a purist or a progressive on this one, I encourage you to pay attention and make a choice, rather than make a blind potential error.   Please share if you find yourself challenged by this issue! 2.   Ad for Mother Natures Diaper Service, Inc. Original text:   Reserve a Pre-birth Delivery Date Today! (click for full size ad) Commentary:   Is this line an intentional joke?   It seems the writers might be unaware that they have made a pun on Delivery Date. How can there be a pre-birth delivery [of a baby]?   OH†¦Ã‚   a *diaper* delivery.   I get it. Is it just me, or does pre-birth remind you of afterbirth (the placenta and fetal membranes that are normally expelled from the uterus after the birth of the baby) now thats something I dont want delivered to my door!   I just dont like the phrase â€Å"Pre-birth Delivery† at all, even if it was intended to be clever, which I’m not convinced it was. My suggested correction:   Reserve a Diaper Delivery Date Today! Now thats cute, and it plays well on the word Delivery without being downright perplexing. 3.   Ad for Sierra Concepts, LLC Basement Waterproofing Specialists Original text:   $50 OFF Crack Injections Commentary:   I realize crack injection is a trade term, but really!   Am I the only one who immediately calls up an image of desolate streets and needles and crazed looking drug addicts? My suggested correction:   $50 OFF Basement Crack Repair. Boring, maybe.   But it gets the point across safely. What are your favorite examples of incorrect or funny ads?   Please share them here!

FORECASTING Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FORECASTING - Assignment Example 66). The mandate for goods of any customer is a Poisson process with passion. Time calculate of goods delivery from the wholesaler to the customer has a normal distribution with limitations. The policy in order forming for the customer can be presented as: A new order is positioned at the specific time, when the stock levels fall to a certain level the order quantity is constant. We suppose that the quantity is greater than the level arrived at. It is important to note that order reorder point of the level and quantity are control parameters of the first stage model. During this stage, it is supposed that the manufacturer supplies his production to wholesaler according to a fixed package. Therefore, the ordering process is considered to be within a constant period. The moments of placing adjacent wholesaler’s orders and order quantity is recognized as a difference between fixed stock level and the quantity of goods in the period of ordering. Therefore, the period and stock level will be control restrictions in the proposed model time in the second stage. The assumption is that every time a new order has to be placed in any condition in the event that the stock level is large then a new ordering should not occur. Commonly, the model would maintain the state of lead-time and quantity of goods at that time as soon as the order is established (Jain and Malehorn, 2005; pg. 241). This in turn is linked to the actual scenario where the wholesaler will use his own means of transport. In most cases, this part ways at the suitable time with fixed moments of time. However, this does not depend on the existence of the order and with the arbitrary lead-time. For example, there will be ferrying of goods using the previews that depart the 2nd and 16th day of every month. The Warnsley Ltd Company places an order after every two weeks. The quantity ordered at the beginning of the week usually

The Efficiency Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions in Malaysian and US Term Paper

The Efficiency Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions in Malaysian and US Banking Institutions - Term Paper Example The effect of globalisation on trade and business is the most prominent aspects and this has created the impotence of deregulation for encouraging economic growth. These market deregulations have intensified the market competition and the existing players are trying to gain upper hand position in the market. In this regard, Hope and Maeleng have mentioned free trades as â€Å"competition–enhancing devise† (Hope and Maeleng, p.61). In such competitive business environment, every organisation is trying to be larger in terms of value, market size, consumer base etc. However, achieving rapid growth is tedious and long term process that may cause in not catering the available opportunities before rivals and this process of growth is known as organic growth. On the other hand, mergers & acquisitions (M&A) leads to achieve a rapid organisational growth. Today, M&A has become very popular strategies for the business and market expansion in domestic and in international market. However, M&A is riskier strategy as it influences the engaged companies as well as the entire market (Hagelm p.155-157). This paper will present a discussion on the effect of M&A on banking institutions and financial markets of Malaysia. 2. Overview of Malaysian and US Banking Sector USA is highly developed nation with a huge financial market. Prior to the financial crisis of 2007-2008 US market was considered to be the most stable financial market. The period of the latest financial crisis has made the entire financial market weak as many top financial institutions including top banks like Lehman Brothers have collapsed severely. Since 2007 till 2009 US banking sector have experienced several bank failures and merged. The statistics are presented below in the table. Table 1: (Source: Fahlenbrach, Prilmeier and Stulz, p.40) However, Now US banks are attempt to recover from the crisis as the banks like JPMorgan and Goldman Sachs are showing considerable growth (Ferreras, â€Å"US Ba nking Sector Endeavors Recovery—Research Report on Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan Chase’s†). However, majority banks are still facing crunch situation and hence, many have commented that it will take a significant time to recover. On the other hand, market indices for US banking sectors depict a positive result which has been presented below. Figure 1 (Source: Fahlenbrach, Prilmeier and Stulz, p.33) Malaysian is a one of the rapidly developing countries in the Asia Pacific region. The effects of the financial crisis of 2007-2008 were on the most of world economies directly or indirectly. However, in case of Malaysian economies it was not hurt significantly and hence, its banking sector kept growing during financial crisis. Bank Negara Malaysia is central banking responsible for regulating other commercial and other investment institution. The following table represents number of financial institution including banks as per November 2009. Table 2 (Source: MIDA,  "Banking, Finance and Exchange Administration†) Malaysia banking has anticipated a growth in loan amount in during 2010 as it loan amount increased by 12.8% comparing to previous years. Analysts, Lin and Mee have commented that â€Å"Within the retail segment, mortgages, hire purchase and credit card loans grew by 13.2 per cent, 7.7 per cent and 14.2 per cent respectively†

Buseness plan( Gym with nursery ) in Saudi Arabia to met mother needs Essay

Buseness plan( Gym with nursery ) in Saudi Arabia to met mother needs - Essay Example With nothing to do, most of them are encouraged to live sedentary lives. Most women have weight issues after they have a baby. For Saudi women losing weight has been a problem because there are not many designated gyms for women. The few that are there do not provide child care for their clients. The establishment of gyms has been a long way coming. The strict rules against gender interaction at work places has made it difficult for investors to set up gyms given that women are not allowed to leave the home without permission or un accompanied by a male relative. Gym Halima intends to fill this gap and offer a place where women can work out and at the same time have their children taught and taken care of. This will enable them work out without any worries of going to pick their children from school and concentrate on their workout. Sedentary lifestyles have led to an all-time high number of lifestyle diseases. People are beginning to live a healthy lifestyle and workout and fitness is part of this healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle does not only involve being conscious about what you eat, it also involves a conscious decision to live an active life. Traditional stringent laws of Saudi Arabia have kept women out of the gym. Women are only allowed to exercise in aprivate place which are mostly frequented by men whom they are not supposed to be mingle with in such places. When the idea of female gyms came to Saudi Arabia, it was welcome by most women. However the prices charged by these gyms way too high and most women could not afford them. To date, the prices of these gyms are still too high for most women. Halima’s gym brings quality and affordability to the market of female gyms. With qualified instructors who have worked in the industry for over five years, Halima’s gym is poised to be a leader in female fitness inSaudi Arabia.The nursery that the gym intends to add to its service offeringgives it an added advantage over it competitors. The

Scientific Advancements in Medical Technology

Scientific Advancements in Medical Technology Alice Wyatt Scientific advancements 3D printers are used for many things including medicine to guns and other illegal items. Scientists have created a new 3D printer inspired by terminator 2. This means that it will work 100 times faster than the normal 3D printer and can make items in minutes rather than hours. Many people are happy because technology is being advanced. â€Å"Freaking awesome tech. This will also allow shapes to be designed and built that are impossible with current methods.† Said by Funcrew on the guardian website. This shows that many of the public are having positive thoughts about the new technology that is being produce and how it is shaping the world and how we are using the technology in everyday life, it also shows how this new technology will allow us to do things we couldn’t before. 3D printing is used in many different ways and one is being a part of the dental industry and being used by dentists so that they can poke and prod and them and to show the patients what is going on in their own mouth and explain procedures that they may go through. Many people are not understanding why we need a more expensive models just to show patients procedures. â€Å"Do they need a new, presumably more expensive, model just for the purpose of explaining procedures to patients?† said by Pollik. This shows that although many people have positive thoughts the other half of the public have negative thoughts and don’t understand why the technology is being used and the technology we use now is just as good and is not as expensive as the new technology coming onto the market. These negative attitudes make people jump onto these attitudes and start to criticise the technology and result in the technology not getting brought, however the positive attitudes may make celebrities and other famous people to accept these technologies resulting in a lot of people wanting this new technology and making the sales go very high up. The debate about 3D printers at the moment in who actually buys these as if it is criminals who buys these to make guns and other illegal items, this could mean in the criminals running wild and being able to make many, many items in just a week, this could cause a lot of problems throughout the world. Whether as the 3D printers that are used for medical advancements or in certain business industries are useful and therefore there is no debate on using 3D printers in these terms, it is just when the 3D printers are not used for good things, this then results in the society not looking the new technology when it is being used for bad things. These issues that the public has about the 3D printers are not important enough to stop any development of the 3D printers. This is because the 3D printers are more or less being used for the health and wellbeing of the public in the NHS with medical issues and dentistry issues and also in the different industries of business, and are only ever rarely used by criminals for illegal ideas. 3D printers are used a lot to help people and explain to people things that they can’t see themselves. People’s perception of 3D printers can be improved by the government and businesses taking the 3D printers of the market to the public and just letting businesses or the NHS being able to buy these this would result in criminals not getting a hold of the 3D printers and the public can stop worrying about what they will do with them. People’s perception would also change about 3D printers if they cost a bit less to buy as they k now that the NHS and other businesses will be buying these things for experiments and the public know that buying expensive equipment in the NHS means that they won’t have money to do other things as they don’t have money as it is. Bibliography: What are the pros and cons of MRI scans?  M Billingsley – 15th March 2012  http://doc2doc.bmj.com/forums/open-clinical_radiology_pros-cons-of-mri-scans  [Accessed on: 13/03/15] What is a Heart MRI?  Brain Krans – 26th June 2012  http://www.healthline.com/health/heart-mri#Overview1  [Accessed on: 13/03/15] Medical Applications for 3D printing: Current and projected uses, C Lee Ventola – October 2014  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4189697/  [Accessed on: 18/03/15] Gartner says uses of 3D printing will ignite major debate on ethics and regulation, Conn Stamford – 29th January 2014  http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2658315  [Accessed on: 19/03/15] What are the ethical issues surrounding gene therapy?  March 16th 2015  http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/therapy/ethics  [Accessed on: 19/03/15] Scientists create Terminator 2-inspired 3D printer, Hannah Devlin – Thursday 19th March 2015 – 18:45  http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/mar/19/scientists-create-terminator-2-inspired-3d-printer  [Accessed on: 19/03/15] Smile! Meet the 3D printer churning out teeth, nerves and gums for dentists, Stuart Dredge – Monday 16th March 2015,  http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/mar/16/3d-printer-teeth-nerves-gums-dentists  [Accessed on: 19/03/15]

Lofts at Las Colinas Apartments

My area of choice is Irving, Texas. My evaluation shall be based on a one bedroom apartment. The cost of renting apartments across this area will vary depending on various factors, some of which include the location of the apartment, how pet friendly it is, and the amenities available (e.g. swimming pool, fitness center, high speed internet, etc.).The ten apartments that I shall evaluate are: Archstone at MacArthur Apartments (located on 1100 Hidden Ridge Road), Lincoln Lakeside (on 6727 Deseo), Huntington Ridge Apartments (situated at 4220 Esters Road), Hillcrest Apartments (located on 3149 West Walnut Hill Lane), Tuscan Villas Apartments (located on 6445 Love Dr), Delano Apartments (located on 1001 Lake Carolyn Parkway).Lofts at Las Colinas Apartments (located on 1050 Lake Carolyn Parkway), Glen Arbor Apartments (located on 4003 N Belt Line Rd), and Surrey Oaks I and Surrey Oaks II Apartments (both located on 1814 Estrada Parkway) (MyNewPlace, 2008).Standard amenities across all th ese apartments include a pool, spa, package receiving, storage space, a fitness center, a BBQ/Picnic area, and on-site maintenance. For a standard one bedroom house, Archstone at MacArthur charges an average rate of $845. In addition to these amenities, the location of Archstone at MacArthur is ideal. Situated in the heart of Las Colinas, it is sandwiched between shopping malls and restaurants.Las Colinas’ central location between   Dallas and Fort Worth and its proximity to the DFW Airport has made it a magnet for the offices of corporate bodies, and also boasts of luxury hotels, country clubs, exclusive resorts and luxurious mansions. This has made it a prestigious address both for up market homes and offices and it remains a planned community. In addition, pets are also allowed (MyNewPlace, 2008).Lincoln Lakeside Apartments, in La Villita, San Antonio, charge much more than Archstone at MacArthur Apartments.At $930, these apartments however offer more amenities. In addit ion to the amenities offered by Archstone at MacArthur Apartments, Lincoln Lakeside also offers high speed internet, a sundeck, a business center, and a clubhouse. These extra facilities would help explain the higher rates charged.Like the Las Colinas, La Villita is a planned community, located on the eastern banks of the San Antonio River, and is served by a large number of shops, galleries and restaurants. It is in the Central Loop (â€Å"downtown San Antonio†) area which is bound by Interstates 35, 37 and the US highway 90, which run around it (MyNewPlace, 2008).Lofts at Las Colinas Apartments charge even more. At $1, 219 for a one bedroom apartment, it is one of the most expensive addresses in Irving. However, it offers much more in the way of both amenities and location than either Lincoln Lakeside or Archstone at MacArthur.In addition to the standard facilities and in addition to high speed internet, a sundeck, a business center and a clubhouse, Lofts at Las Colinas Apa rtments offer controlled access, a courtyard, night patrol, a rec room, and elevators.In addition, it offers access to four major freeways, is located at the heart of the Los Colinas CBD, and fronts the promenade of the Lake Carolyn. It restricts some breeds of pets and as a matter of policy allows a maximum of only two pets (MyNewPlace, 2008).In contrast, apartments such as Surrey Oaks 1 Apartments which have only the standard amenities cost much, much lower. At Surrey Oaks 1, one would pay an average of only $450.Surrey Oaks II, with the only extra feature being night time patrols, go for a comparable rate of $470. Glen Arbor Apartments, which have similar amenities and no extras, go for only $489. Hillcrest Apartments have even fewer amenities and charge only $480 for a one bedroom apartment. At $535, Huntington Ridge Apartments throw in an extra benefit in the form of night patrols (MyNewPlace, 2008).At an average rate of $979 for a one bedroom apartment, Delano Apartments are a lso considered upscale. Reflective of the rates are the extra amenities that the apartments offer. In addition to the standard facilities that one would find in Surrey Oaks for example, Delano Apartments also offer concierge services, a sundeck, elevators, high speed internet, a courtyard, a rec room, a clubhouse, and a business center.Like the Delano Apartments, Tuscan Hill Villas Apartments also charge premium rates for more top-of-the-class amenities. At $935 a month for a one bedroom apartment, the apartments have all the facilities that upscale apartments such as Delano, Lofts at Las Colinas, and Lincoln Lakeside Apartments offer (MyNewPlace, 2008).An examination of the location also shows that homes that are considered upscale (more luxurious and comfortable) charge higher rates. This explains why the exclusive Lofts at Las Colinas is almost two times as expensive as Surrey Oaks 1.   Those with more amenities are more expensive.That explains why Delano is much more costly th an Hillcrest. Those apartments which are located close to transit systems, in downtown locations, or close to shopping malls charge relatively higher rates than those which are not.Lofts at Las Colinas’ close proximity to the downtown of both Dallas and Fort Worth has certainly also contributed to the princely sum of $1,219 that it charges for a one bedroom apartment. Areas that charge more than $900 are considered upscale (MyNewPlace, 2008).

Chinese Shih Poetry and Philos Essay

Since the beginning of time, man has sought to explain the world around him. This is called philosophy, a Greek word which means â€Å"love of wisdom. † However, over the millennia it has come to mean much more. The philosophies of the ancient Chinese people, whether they explain nature or present ways to live a just life, became so complex that simple prose could not suitably express their meaning. Yet paradoxically, the simpler, less exact form of poetry does put forth the ideas. Nowhere is this more exemplified than in the literature pertaining to the two major schools of ancient Chinese thought; Taoism and Confucianism. Poets such as Tu Fu and Po Chu-i expressed the ideas of Taoism and Confucianism, respectively, while their fellow poet T’ao Ch’ien expressed both, through their poetry. Confucianism is based on the ideas of Confucius, the man who gave the school of thought its name. The main goal of Confucianists was to return a gentlemanly society to China. The core of Confucianism concerned social structure. Confucius taught that a man should respect and obey those of higher rank than himself, whether they be the father of a family, or the emperor of a nation. But even with absolute obedience, Confucianists believed that men should practice restraint and benevolence in those inferior to them. At the same time, those in high status were expected to lead virtuous lives, and to set examples for those that followed them. Confucianists believed that the moral code of man was set down by heaven, and if those in positions of authority did not set good examples, then they would deposed by the forces of heaven. One of the first great Chinese poets to write of Confucianism was T’ao Ch’ien. T’ao Ch’ien’s poem Substance, Shadow, and Spirit shows a comparison between Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and the views on life and death of each. A clear example of Confucian beliefs can be taken from this poem. He states, â€Å"Let us strive and labor while yet we may / To do some deed that men will praise. † This clearly demonstrates the fact that Confucianists do not believe in reincarnation. Also, in his Poem on Returning to Dwell in the Country, T’ao Ch’ien writes, â€Å"In the same world men lead different lives; / Some at the court, some in the marketplace. † These lines illustrate that for every man there is a place in an organized Confucian society. Taoism, along with Confucianism, is one of the most ancient ideas in Chinese philosophy. The first known Taoist master was the ancient figure Lao Tzu. Perplexed by Chinese politics in his day, Lao Tzu planned to leave Chinese society for the wilderness of western China. But, before he could do this, he was stopped by a man who asked him to write down all of his ideas and beliefs. The result was the Tao Te Ching, or the Book of the Virtue of the Way. The book set forth the basic ideas of Taoism; that is, following the Tao, or the Way. The main goal of Taoists was to live in harmony with the natural world around them, and to rid themselves of materialistic desires. The primary concern for Taoists like Lao Tzu was to understand the way of the world, and to use that knowledge for self-preservation. One of the greatest poets in Chinese history to demonstrate Taoism in his poetry was Tu Fu. One example can be found in the poem that he Sent to Li Po as a Gift. At the end of the poem, he closes his message to Li Po this way, â€Å"Your days pass in emptiness, / Your nature is a spreading fire, / It is swift and strenuous. / But what does all this bravery amount to? † This shows a Taoist idea that man should not put too much effort into life, and should simply follow where fate leads. Tu Fu is telling his friend that he lives in simplicity, yet he lives in excess of those simple things; something that Taoist should not do. Loneliness is another poem where Tu Fu shows his Taoist beliefs. The eighth line reads, â€Å"The processes of nature resemble the business of men. † This shows that the Way of nature is ever present all through the universe, even in the business of man. This even goes back to Lao Tzu, who felt that one could use Taoism to rule a just and ordered government. Centuries after T’ao Ch’ien wrote his poems on Confucianism, Po Chu-i added his take on the ancient philosophy. Unlike other Chinese poets, Po Chu-i was very realistic, and very direct; writing not about landscapes and mountain peaks, but about the normal experiences of life. For instance, Sick Leave, demonstrates Confucianism in that the speaker shows utter dedication to his position; enough to work himself to illness. The speaker, even after becoming sick from overwork, regrets that he cannot be working. Last Poem shows examples of Confucianist relationships. For instance, the speaker’s grandchildren read him a book; a task they do out of respect and love for their grandfather. Also, his servants show their respect to their master by heating his soup. Finally, the speaker shows his regard for the relationships with his friends by frantically replying to their letters. Besides being open minded to the ideas of Confucianism and Buddhism, T’ao Ch’ien was also an ardent Taoist. His Taoist poetry about attaining tranquillity and serenity are at great contrast with the world around him, which was full of chaos and turmoil. In the final section of the poem Substance, Shadow, and Spirit he discusses the Taoist view, which is that one should not worry about death, but should â€Å"go where Fate leads ? Drift on the Stream of Infinite Flux† and â€Å"make as little fuss as you can,† when death finally comes. His Poem on Returning to Dwell in the County also shows Taoist ideas on simplicity, and following the way of nature. Passages such as â€Å"Long I have loved to stroll among the hills and marshes, / And take my pleasure roaming the woods and fields,† demonstrate the Taoist love for nature. Poets such as Po Chu-i presented the ideas of in a form that better impacted the common man, and carried their ideas crystal clear to the intellectuals. His fellow poets, T’ao Ch’ien and Tu Fu presented images of nature so intense, that the reader could gain a sense of calm from reading their poems. These poems have passed the test of time, and have not weathered the slightest. The followers of these schools were gifted enough to state their beliefs in poetry so vivid that they still enlighten lovers of wisdom today.

Free Essays on Historic Roots Of Existentialism

Although the theories in existentialism were present before the 1990’s, existentialism was at its peak during the 20th century. Three major events of the 20th century explain the reason for existentialism’s popularity. Those three events were World War I, World War II and the Cold War. During the first World War, methods of warfare used were more devastating than any other previous war in European history. With the use of mustard gas, trenches, and the invention of the machine gun, more soldiers than ever were wounded and killed. The reason for these new types of warfare lay in technological advances made, through the use of math and science. Although the application of math and science were used in the creation of new weapons, the theory of rationality made it all possible. At the conclusion of the war, people Realized the toll the war took on lives. With that realization came the understanding that it was the largely accepted theory of rational thinking that created the weapons that destroyed many lives, as a result, people/ began to denounce the rational thought process. These people Turned to existentialism, which as one of its main universal themes, diminishes the importance of rationalism. Soren Kirkegaard and Nieztche both claimed that the! most important questions in life couldn’t be answered through science and reason. In addition, both argued that not even science is as rational as one is led to believe. Therefore, because of the violent nature of World War I, existentialism became more popular. World War II also boosted the popularity of existentialism. During the war anti-Semitism was at a high point, and both the Nazi’s and the allies used theories of existentialism to support their side. In addition, Heidegger’s work was also used to protest the Nazi’s persecution of minority groups throughout Europe. Heidegger proclaimed that first a human is born, without any pre-constructed personality or t... Free Essays on Historic Roots Of Existentialism Free Essays on Historic Roots Of Existentialism Although the theories in existentialism were present before the 1990’s, existentialism was at its peak during the 20th century. Three major events of the 20th century explain the reason for existentialism’s popularity. Those three events were World War I, World War II and the Cold War. During the first World War, methods of warfare used were more devastating than any other previous war in European history. With the use of mustard gas, trenches, and the invention of the machine gun, more soldiers than ever were wounded and killed. The reason for these new types of warfare lay in technological advances made, through the use of math and science. Although the application of math and science were used in the creation of new weapons, the theory of rationality made it all possible. At the conclusion of the war, people Realized the toll the war took on lives. With that realization came the understanding that it was the largely accepted theory of rational thinking that created the weapons that destroyed many lives, as a result, people/ began to denounce the rational thought process. These people Turned to existentialism, which as one of its main universal themes, diminishes the importance of rationalism. Soren Kirkegaard and Nieztche both claimed that the! most important questions in life couldn’t be answered through science and reason. In addition, both argued that not even science is as rational as one is led to believe. Therefore, because of the violent nature of World War I, existentialism became more popular. World War II also boosted the popularity of existentialism. During the war anti-Semitism was at a high point, and both the Nazi’s and the allies used theories of existentialism to support their side. In addition, Heidegger’s work was also used to protest the Nazi’s persecution of minority groups throughout Europe. Heidegger proclaimed that first a human is born, without any pre-constructed personality or t...

Dont monkey around with fonts - Emphasis

Dont monkey around with fonts Dont monkey around with fonts According to childrens literacy website Reading Rockets, when kids start to read, they like to mirror the writing they see around them. So, if they see you writing a list, they may well write one too. If youre writing in your diary, theyll probably have a pretend one too. Most parents will help their children get better at writing by practising forming letters with a variety of mediums: paper, sand, snow or even in the air. Its also good to read things which just happen to be around and might well catch the eye like cereal packets, for instance. So, how confusing is the font for Kelloggs Adopt a Monkey campaign? As a marketing idea the Adopt a Monkey campaign is a cracker. It ticks all the boxes: cuddly animals, conservation and charity. But who designed the font? With capitals D, N, H, P and G slung with gay abandon in the middle of words on both the Kelloggs and Born Free sites, theyre making reading and writing just that bit harder for a major part of its target audience. Do you baulk at, KeePiNG WiLDlife in tHe WiLD, or BorN Free, or is it just me? Do you feel this curious choice of script is designed to make a younger audience feel at ease because these are the kinds of mistakes kids make when theyre learning to write? In that case we could soon be going down the crumpled paper, smudge-infested route. Perhaps with the odd dribble or bogey on: thats common in kids efforts too. So: Adopt a Monkey great idea, guys. But rein in those designers or youre only making an already complicated system even more difficult for those just starting out.

Qualitive Research Critique Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qualitive Critique - Research Paper Example This is done in order to study the perception of shift from the paper dependent system of documentation to electronic method of documentation (Kelley et al., 2011). The study design is descriptive in nature as it is based on observations and surveys. The application of the electronic system permits accurate documentation of the information’s regarding patients. The system is designed in such a way that the nurses are able to operate it efficiently and improve the flow of communication between the health centre, nurses, and patients. The electronic form of documentation also improves the final outcome that is the status of the patient’s heath when the person is discharged without any error (Kelley et al., 2011). The relationship between the nursing profession and electronic form of information recording is presented in the paper. The quality of the service provided to the patients is very essential for the overall success of the hospitality. The ‘Donabedian’s model of quality’ is used for the literature part as the model is familiar to most of the nurses as a method of data collection. The framework that presents the structure of the total work performed, the process followed and the ultimate result of the process implemented (Kelley et al., 2011). Moreover, questionnaire survey and interview was also conducted to derive accurate data from the respective sources. Many research papers of ‘Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PubMed has been used in the articles. All the articles used are based on three components of Donabedian’s model. On the other hand, interview and questionnaire method is also used in the research to analyse the attitude of the nurses towards the electronic system (Kelley et al., 2011). Nursing documentation is a vital factor of nursing practice that needs maintenance for safety as well as ethics. The information

New Balance Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study

New Balance Corporate Social Responsibility - Case Study Example According to the essay findings  manufacturing of all kinds of the footwear within the US is on decline – the main reason is the low-wage cost at some of the emerging economies such as China.   It is important to note that footwear manufacturing, in spite of significant technological advances, involves considerable amount of manual handling.   As a result of this, the footwear industry in the US in general and New Balance in particular faces huge environmental and social challenges. A strong Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy needs to be in place to not only enhance all stakeholders' trust and confidence in the company but also spearhead its growth by integrating the core business strategy with its CSR strategy.  Ã‚  This paper discusses that  New Balance's Mission statement explicitly takes into account the importance of CSR policy in its growth: "Demonstrating responsible leadership, we build global brands that athletes are proud to wear, associates are p roud to create and communities are proud to host".  Values, integrity and long history are the aspects that strengthen overall governance of the company. People feel proud while working at New Balance because management provides due importance and listen them carefully. People at senior management in the company believe to having a strong support for CSR.  The company's mission statement and values strongly support CSR functions. However, the difficult part is that very few of them really understand the current responsible leadership (RL) goals and priorities.

Robinson fruit shoot market share Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Robinson fruit shoot market share - Essay Example To understand better preference and market share, it was worthwhile taking the time to study previous reports on the Robinson Fruit Shoot brand that had been compiled earlier by different studies. This helped the researchers go to the field with knowledge of the perception of the brand and an expectation of opinion. This, however, could, however, influence the objectivity due to response anticipation. From the studies done by Mintel, Fruit Juice, Juice Drinks, and Smoothies - UK - November 2012 and Fruit Juice and Juice Drinks - UK - November 2011 placed Robinson Fruit Shoot at number three and number two respectively as a market share player. They proved that the Shoot was popular among the other brands but was not in pole position as to control the market. That, therefore, seemed to suggest that more marketing and sales were required so as to make the brand the market leader. From another survey by Mintel for Cordials and Squashes in October 2012, there was increased demand for sof t and low alcohol drinks in the United Kingdom hence showing that there was an increasing market for the Shoot as more, consumers preferred soft drinks. The third survey used in the secondary research was Fruit Juices, Energy & Juice Drinks Market Report 2013 that showed the preferences of the children aged between 1 to 15 years, the target consumer group. The survey’s findings are important for the marketers of the shoot to execute a marketing plan that carters for the children’s taste and preferences.

Do the right thing by Spike Lee Essay Example for Free

Do the right thing by Spike Lee Essay I dearly love the film and maintain that its one of the great pictures from the last 10 years. I dont know what the director of this movie (Spike Lee) intended the moral to be, but my take on the film has always been that NO ONE does the right thing, and this is the cautionary element of the movie. The racial message about racial injustice is very deep and one that every race should see. The climax of the movie is very powerful and deep. The heat is blazing, tensions are running high (especially racial ones), and under this kind of pressure no one behaves according to common courtesy and decency. The entire film is a chain of uncontrolled outbursts of anger that lead to everyones misery. The belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability could be wrong, so is the belief that a particular race is superior to others. Anyone can have a belief like that black, white, whatever. I am not about to buy into this rhetoric that any race shoulders 100% of the blame for racism in America today. Indeed, but racism is a belief, not an action. Sociologists clearly delineate between prejudices and acts of discrimination. One can be racist (prejudice) and not act on it (discriminate). By the same token, one can discriminate against others and not hold racist beliefs (prejudice). There is simply no way, short of telepathy, to determine if anyone is truly racist. One can easily assume that Adolf Hitler was a racist based on his writings and horrific actions, but there is absolutely no way to know for sure that Hitler *truly* hated Jews or simply used the hatred of Jews as a convenient means to attain power. Anyway, those in a position of power have more opportunities to act discriminatorily than those without, but I see no evidence to suggest that The Powers That Be are more *likely* to engage in such behaviors. As such, a discriminatory action by a powerless person can be more effective than the lack of such an action by someone in power. Riots are NEVER true result of racism, but rather the violent, destructive impulses of citizens with no faith in the justice system to take matters into their own hands. They are simply an opportunity for a misguided youth, unsupervised or uninstructed on issued of morality, to appease their violent appetites by destroying the livelihood of someone who is not exactly like  them. In every major example of the last 40 years in US, the violent rioters were not good citizens who felt pushed to the breaking point by some act of injustice, but degenerates whose prejudices against anyone with more money than they found an excuse in the politicized racial arguments to act out what they never truly cared to know was wrong (Heath Petraitis, 1987). The only result of a race riot is hatred, looting, and murder. It is not the answer to anything, and should never be treated as such. It is an insult to the millions of black citizens who seek to live their lives as normal, peaceful, law-abiding citizens of the United States to associate them with the few degenerate thieves and murderers who commit race riots (Singer Singer, 1986). Thats why Do the Right Thing has always touched its viewers. The ending turns a decent, fine comedy-drama into a vessel for class and race related hatred. I do believe in violence as a last measure to protect ones self, or their personal freedoms, or in the case of a moral war. Just look at my signature closing line. I do not in any way believe that the situation in Do the Right Thing presents a need for violence. It is merely a bunch of tempered people retaliating against the brutality of the police by burning an innocent mans pizza shop down, apparently only because he was a white business owner. That is sad. I think, really, this films central theme if there really is one is the path black men in America today face as inspired by their most prominent leaders. Radio Rahiem is easily the wisest in the entire film as hes aware of the dichotomy and thus tries to balance his existence under both directions fight the power constantly playing takes on an entire new meaning here as the film doesnt really know what the power is that PE wants us to fight. Rahiem knows though, its the self. Pretty amazing imagery. But on the other hand, he rarely speaks but instead relies on his radio to speak for him. Likewise, he doesnt understand his own rhetoric on the nature of love and hate. That made him as racist as any other character in the film, with the possible but unlikely exception of smiley, and brings his own death on himself. I wondered what would be the cops reactions if racial positions had been  reversed (ie a black mans pizzeria, a white man accidentally killed after basically making a complete, hostile mess of himself, then resisting arrest etc) Would a white cops strangle a white man to death? Thats where racial issues arise. I was upset at the death of radio Rahiem, but just couldnt escape the fact that he had brought it on himself. No one deserves to die like that. But if he had avoided escalating a completely unnecessary confrontation by assaulting Sal, he wouldnt have died. He was responsible for his own death, just as Sal was responsible for the destruction of the pizzeria (very nearly his own death) when he destroyed Rahiems radio. Radio Raheem was pissed off, his whole existence was that radio. Sure he physically assaulted him, but he didnt say anything like, Ill kill you. Maybe if Radio said in an earlier scene Man Im gonna kill that irk bastard etc. Id be more apt to agree that Radio Rahiem intent was to kill Sal. Technically Sal brought the destruction of the pizzeria on himself too, by (through the chain of events) not putting up pictures of brothers on the walls; but it is his pizzeria and he was within his rights to do so. He yelled racist epithets which is a direct act of aggression and smashed someones property to pieces. Instead of destroying someones property, he should have called the police to escort Buggin out and Radio Rahim. Radio Rahiem was NOT within his rights when he entered the store and refused to turn his radio down. Of course Sal and Radio Rahiem are both racists, everyone in the film is. No one did the right thing in the end, but the unfortunate fact is that, in the final encounter with Radio Rahiem, Sal was just a little more right than Radio Rahiem. Imagine Radio Rahiem and Sal were both black (or white.) Imagine the ultimate reasons behind the clash were not racially based. Radio Rahiem is the aggressor, and because of this, ultimately audience sympathy would lie with Sal. Radio Raheem and Buggin Out were trying to bully an innocent business owner. It was Sals restaurant, if they did not like his regulations than they could leave, but he was entirely within his rights to demand for them to either leave or turn off the music. He certainly gave fair warning, and he never ever tried to physically harm anyone until Radios attack. While it is  unfortunate Radio died, he simply was not worth the destruction that was carried out in his name. I also find it mystifying that Mookie, supposedly the levelheaded character in the movie, was so superficial that he blamed Sal for Radios death. I cannot reconcile myself with the notion that Mookie throwing the trash can through the pizzeria window was even remotely doing the right thing. I sympathize a lot with Sal, but I also sympathize with Mookie. Sal also cared a lot about the black in Bastury, and was genuinely hurt when some of them turned against him. I will vehemently argue that Sals character is not racist; he drops an n-word at the end, but the man is watching his lifes work being torched by arson at the hands of a group of African-Americans; his outburst is understandable and forgivable. Vito, Lees Sister, and the baby are as decent as people could be. Da Mayor is a good man who has made mistakes but is trying to change so at this point hes a good man trying to be a better man. He does drink too many beers with little money, though. One thing that always confused me about this film (although its one of my favorites) is why Mother Sister painfully screams noooo, when only a few minutes beforehand, she was right with the crowd yelling burn it! burn it! it seems like a bit of a flaw to me, but I could be wrong. My guess is the Burn it down Burn it down is with respect to the pizzeria. The noooo is with respect to radio Rahiems death. Lets assume that the film is about the cyclical nature of violence. Does Spike Lee( the director) think that all violence is bad or only certain violence is? After reading Martin Luther Kings quote I thought it was all violence; after reading Malcolm Xs quote I got the message that some violence is ok. I know that Blacks have been prejudiced against for a long time, but I dont see how violence ever solved their problem. It seems to me that Martin Luther Kings non-violence approach ultimately did much more to further equality than Malcolm Xs approach of violence-sometimes-needed approac h. The cops didnt necessarily care for Sal or anyone there. They didnt kill Rahiem because they wanted revenge. They did a right think by choking Rahiem, but they should have weakened him enough to handcuff him and then have thrown him in the police car. I doubt either Clubbing or strangling  will ever equate to, to use your words, holding him in place until he calmed down. I doubt those are the only options law enforcement officers have. They shouldnt have killed him. It was an extreme use of force pure and simple. The key being that if as you say they were trying to prevent Sal from being chocked by a criminal than why didnt they release their choke hold on Radio Rahiem after he had let go of Sal? They kept choking him long after he was a threat to anyone and it was obvious he himself was being choked to death. Why did they not throw him to the ground at that time and handcuff him? They didnt even try. In the film, Da Mayor says you gotta Do The Right Thing. Rahiem does not because he wont respect Sals wishes to turn off or turn down the radio (Also didnt respect Sals decision to represent only his culture in the pizzeria). Bugging Out is just a racist who knows nothing and wants to pretend to have a calling so he rides in on Radios coattails. Rahiem did the wrong thing and Sal did nothing wrong until he uttered the N-word. I dont think Sal meant it in that way. He was angry so he exploited a characteristic of Radios boom box. The people were angry at Sal for saying the n-word but they didnt go against Sal. They got confused and yelled. Then the police came in and everything went up in flames. Obviously, a spark leads to a fire. The spark: The police killing Rahiem. The Fire: The mob. It was understandable for there to be a riot and it was understandable that they got angry at white men in general because they are black people and they live in an ugly area. But just because its understandable, doesnt mean its right. The name of the movie is Do The Right Thing. And to be honest, even though thats very straight and very literal, towards the end it becomes ironic. The moment that they could do the right thing, they did the worst thing of them all. And that riot could have been right but it went wrong. Their anger went in the wrong direction. Things just happen. Sals pizzeria going down in flames is symbolic of the fact that people just destroy each other. And in the end, the face of the oppressor (The white man) is thrown on every white body and someone with the face of the oppressor is oppressed. Well, theres a line (Not from this movie) that goes You become the monster so the monster will not break you. You become what you terrify you. And in  this case, the oppressed (The black community) gets so fed up (Throughout the entire movie, there is talk of there recently being a police brutality situation involving black civilians being killed) with being oppressed that they become what they hate and they oppress someone else: Someone whos been more of a family member to them then most of their families has a different face than they do. He has the face of the monster, and they dont like past skin deep and treat him the way they should treat the people who do oppress them. And its painful and we dont know what to think. Im the least racist person in the world and Im also the person who is more annoyed than anyone with jokes being allowed to be made about white people and not about black people. I dont like going to the park and having some guy say, White boy, dont want none of this. It irritates me because I want plenty. Sometimes it gets so hard to hear all the unfairness and listen to a persons lack of understanding for another. This film is just a day. Its the hottest day of the summer. You can do nothing, you can do something, or you can Do The Right Thing. You can. So do it.

Essays - More Capital Punishment and Less Taxes :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Essays - More Capital Punishment and Less Taxes More than 13,000 people have been legally executed since colonial times, most of them in the early 20th Century. By the 1930s, as many as 150 people were executed each year. However, public outrage and legal challenges caused the practice to come to a halt. By 1967, capital punishment had virtually halted in the United States, pending the outcome of several court challenges. Since our nation's founding, the government, colonial, federal and state, has punished murder and, until recent years, rape with the ultimate sanction: death. I think that the nation should still actively use this form of punishment when necessary. More than 2,000 people are on "death row" today. Virtually all are poor, a significant number are mentally retarded or otherwise mentally disabled, more than 40 percent are African American, and a inappropriate number are Native American, Latino and Asian. Does the Death Penalty deter crime, especially murder? No, there is no credible evidence that the death penalty deters crime. States that have death penalty laws do not have lower crime rates or murder rates than states without such laws. And states that have abolished capital punishment, or instituted it, show no significant changes in either crime or murder rates. Don't murderers deserve to die? Certainly, in general, the punishment should fit the crime. But in civilized society, we reject the "eye for an eye" principle of literally doing to criminals what they do to their victims: The penalty for rape cannot be rape, or for arson, the burning down of the arsonist's house. We should, therefore, punish the murderer with death along with all other heinous crimes. If execution is unacceptable, what is the alternative? Incapacitation. Convicted murderers can be sentenced to lengthy prison terms, including life, as they are in countries and states that have abolished the death penalty. Most state laws allow life sentences for murder that severely limit or eliminate the e possibility of parole. At least ten states have life sentences without the possibility of parole for 20, 25, 30 or 40 years, and at least 18 states have life sentences with no possibility of parole. A recent U. S. Justice Department study of public attitudes about crime and punishment found that a majority of Americans support alternatives to capital punishment: When people were presented the facts about several crimes for which death was a possible punishment, a majority chose lengthy prison sentences as alternatives to the death penalty. Maybe it used to happen that innocent people were mistakenly executed, but hasn't that possibility been eliminated?

Sustainable Environment

Environmental sustainability involves making decisions and taking action that are in the interests of protecting the natural world, with particular emphasis on preserving the capability of the environment to support human life. It is an important topic at the present time, as people are realising the full impact that businesses and individuals can have on the environment. What is Environmental Sustainability? Environmental sustainability is about making responsible decisions that will reduce your business' negative impact on the environment.It is not simply about reducing the amount of waste you produce or using less energy, but is concerned with developing processes that will lead to businesses becoming completely sustainable in the future. Currently, environmental sustainability is a topical issue that receives plenty of attention from the media and from different governmental departments. This is a result of the amount of research going into assessing the impact that human activit y can have on the environment.Although the long term implications of this erious issue are not yet fully understood, it is generally agreed that the risk is high enough to merit an immediate response. Businesses are expected to lead in the area of environmental sustainability as they are considered to be the biggest contributors and are also in a position where they can make a significant difference. Businesses can potentially cause damage to all areas of the environment.Some of the common environmental concerns include: damaging rainforests and woodlands through logging and agricultural clearing polluting and over-fishing of oceans, rivers and akes polluting the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels damaging prime agricultural and cultivated land through the use of unsustainable farming practices For much of the past, most businesses have acted with little regard or concern for the negative impact they have on the environment.Many large and small organisations are guilty o f significantly polluting the environment and engaging in practices that are simply not sustainable. However, there are now an increasing number of businesses that are committed to reducing their damaging impact and even working owards having a positive influence on environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability forces businesses to look beyond making short term gains and look at the long term impact they are having on the natural world.You need to consider not only the immediate impact your actions have on the environment, but the long term implications as well. For example, when manufacturing a product, you need to look at the environmental impact of the products entire lifecycle, from development to disposal before finalising your designs.

European Integration of Ukraine Is the Main Task

European Integration of Ukraine is the main task, which unites government and opposition In connection with the new political season, which began not only in the Ukrainian Parliament, but also in the European Parliament, delegation of MPs of Ukraine from the Party of Regions arrived on an official visit to Strasbourg.Delegation members are Chairman of the Party of Regions parliamentary faction Olexander Yefremov, Deputy Chairman of the Party of Regions for International Affairs Leonid Kozhara, First Deputy Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Freedom of Speech and Information Olena Bondarenko, member of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Finance, Banking, Tax and Customs Policy Vitaliy Kaliuzhny.Today, September 13, in the European Parliament took place a public meeting on â€Å"The Future of EU-Ukraine Relations and Ukraine’s Internal Political Situation†, where the Chairman of the Party of Regions parliamentary faction Olexander Yefremov informed about the current situation in Ukraine. Particular attention Olexander Yefremov paid to reforms, which are being carried out by authorities. â€Å"Over the past year and a half great changes took place in Ukraine. Unfortunately, in Europe, few people know what is actually happening in the country.The country's leaders held a number of reforms – this is pension and judicial reforms, adoption of anti-corruption legislation and the new Tax Code,† the politician said. â€Å"Now we are preparing such global documents as a bill on the land market, new Criminal Procedure, Housing and Communal and Labour Codes. In Ukraine these laws have a long history, they are not modernized. And, unfortunately, over the 20 years of existence of Ukraine as an independent state, no one worked on them. It is our task.Therefore we have a lot of work to do. And as you can see, we are working very hard,† said Olexander Yefremov. MEPs stressed the importance of the visit of Ukrainian parliamentarians becaus e now it is a key moment in relations between the EU and Ukraine, and Europe needs first-hand information. Olexander Yefremov reminded that in 2009 Party of Regions started with very bad starting positions. â€Å"When we conducted an audit of the national economy, it was found that in 2009 we began with minus 15% of GDP.It was a disastrous number. And we had to find quickly the tools for economic growth, to overcome the economic crisis. However, our operational work and the actions that we undertook, gave a good positive result. 2011 we are to finish with 5% increase of our economy,† he stressed. Representatives of the European Parliament agreed to this. They noted how significantly increased the intensity of work of Ukrainian Parliament and adopted documents. According to Olexander Yefremov, today the government command faces many challenges.And one of the most important is the European integration of the country. â€Å"And at the moment it is one of the uniting issues for opposition and authorities. There is no dissent and no opponents here. Everyone understands that we need to work on this common goal,† said Olexander Yefremov. Answering the question, what Ukraine will choose: Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with Europe or the Customs Union, Olexander Yefremov said that our first priority is the EU, but at the same time we want to maintain good relations with Russia, if that's possible from its side. In turn, we declare that we want to be a part of civilized Europe,† said the politician. The head of the Party of Regions parliamentary faction got stronger conviction that there is practically no opponent of integration between Ukraine and EU, everybody is trying to help, to give an advice; no one wants to see Ukraine worse or poorer, or further from the EU; everybody is trying to support it. MEPs, in turn, said that Europe would like to see Ukraine developing further and happy people living in Ukraine.The MPs acknowledged that Europ e knows very little about what is actually happening inside the country. In addition, Olexander Yefremov said that judging by the questions he was asked about Tymoshenko case, there is a significant lack of information about the topic. That is, people know about it, but nobody goes into details, and, as a rule, the very essence is hidden in details. He reminded the gist of the charges against ex-Prime Minister of Ukraine. â€Å"In January 2009 Tymoshenko was in talks with Russia on gas supplies.Under the Law â€Å"On International Treaties of Ukraine† the authority to negotiate and to sign international treaties is granted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine as a collective body. The Prime Minister can not alone authorize someone to negotiate on behalf of the Government. When negotiations with Russia began, most of the ministers at the Cabinet of Ministers session refused to support Tymoshenko's personal position, as evidenced by minutes of meeting. Despite of this, she p rovided the Ukrainian negotiators a document entitled Directives of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine†, which contained the signature of Tymoshenko and official government seal. Thus, the ex-Prime Minister is charged with single-handed decision and document forgery,† said Olexander Yefremov. In addition, the MP informed about extremely unfavorable conditions for Ukraine, which are in the contract. This, above all, is the highest price, unreasonable amount of compulsory gas purchase (Ukraine consumes 40 billion cubic meters and must buy 52 billion cubic meters), and extremely inadequate penalties.If the country does not buy stated in the contract amount of gas, then there is the penalty 150% in summer, and in winter – 300%. â€Å"If such a contract was signed in the business between the two businessmen, one of them would be admitted to be crazy, that is absolutely inadequate and disadvantageous contract for the country,† said Olexander Yefremov. EU Integra tion and Trade: a Look from the Outside of the EU Eastern Border. Oleksandr Shepotylo*, Kyiv School of Economics and Kyiv Economics InstituteAugust, 2009 Abstract: This paper develops a methodology for trade policy analysis of costs and benefits of alternative regional integration scenarios, based on the disaggregated gravity equation, and applies it to calculate the impact of the EU enlargement on integration strategies of non-member countries. In particular, the paper measures the impact of the 2004 EU enlargement from the standpoint of Ukraine – a country that has been left on the sideline.This angle allows estimating the costs of non-integration that occurred due to trade and investment diversion, and forgone opportunity to carry our structural changes in the Ukrainian economy. According to the results, EU accession would dramatically change the composition of Ukrainan exports by almost doubling exports of manufactured goods by 2007. The costs of non-integration accumulat e towards the end of the investigated period. Projecting the results into the future clearly indicates that the benefits of EU accession for Ukraine would have been unambiguously positive.By showing that costs of non integration are high, the results shed some light on the debates over the benefits of EU integration for the newly accepted states. They also give guidance on the potential export gains from signing a deep FTA between EU and Ukraine which is currently negotiated by policymakers. JEL categories: C33, F12, F17 Keywords: gravity model, EU enlargement, Ukraine, CIS, heterogeneous firms, trade policy Introduction The studies of European Union (EU) enlargement mostly focus on the impact of the enlargement on the current and new EU members (e. . Bussiere et al. 2008, Nilsson, 2000, Baldwin, 1995 and 1997, Gros and Gonciarz 1996). This paper looks at the impact of EU enlargement from a different angle and estimates the costs of non-integration into EU. It develops a methodology for evaluating alternative regional integration scenarios. Comparing costs and benefits of different integration scenarios, a policymaker decides on the best integration strategy for a county. When an additional country joins a regional trade bloc, it imposes additional costs on outsiders due to trade and investment diversion.The costs of non-integration are growing when more countries join the bloc, which triggers a new wave of enlargement, a so-called domino effect introduced by Baldwin (1993). For example, the enlargement of the European Economic Community (EEC) – a process that started in 1960s – induced integration of the members of the European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA) into the EEC: â€Å"The 1960s saw rapid discriminatory liberalisation with the EEC and EFTA. This had a dramatic effect on trade patterns. The EEC’s share of trade with itself rose from 30 to 50 per cent.The share of EEC imports from other European nations stagnated or fell. This discri mination meant lost profit opportunities for exporters in both groups, but since the EEC market was more than twice the size of EFTA’s market (and growing faster), the EEC club was far more attractive to exporting firms. This generated new political economy forces within the EFTA nations – forces that pushed for EEC membership. † (Baldwin, 2008) Currently, a similar process involving the EU and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) trading blocs is evolving.The differences in size and level of development between EU and CIS blocs imply that the EU bloc is more attractive and the opportunity costs of not-integrating into the EU are higher. Recently, EU has expanded by 12 new members, mostly by countries that for a long time had been important trading partners of CIS countries. At the same time, Georgia left the CIS in August, 2009, while Ukraine and Central Asia countries significantly reduced their involvement into the CIS programs.These developments indirectl y indicate that the EU accession strategy looks as an increasingly attractive policy for the CIS countries. However, the literature says little on how the different integration scenarios can be compared. What are the costs for the CIS countries of not integrating into EU? Do the costs of non-integration exceed the benefits of staying in the CIS? Empirically, this question has not been studied and the primary goal of this paper is to evaluate the ex post costs of non-integration. To answer these questions, the paper focuses on Ukraine.De facto, Ukraine is a member of the CIS. However, Ukraine participates in the CIS programs very selectively and the Ukrainian parliament never ratified the CIS Charter. Moreover, after 2004, Ukraine explicitly declared the EU accession as its strategic goal. Ukraine is an eligible candidate for enlargement based on the geographical criteria. It is an important EU trading partner that moves towards EU both politically and economically. In February, 2008 , the Ukraine has started a round of FTA negotiations with EU which is the next step towards the EU integration.The launch of negotiations followed the finalization of Ukraine’s WTO accession process on February, 5 2008 , which was a prerequisite for FTA talks. Therefore, the advantage of looking at Ukraine while comparing costs and benefits of a deeper EU integration vs. deeper CIS integration is as follows. First, it is not a purely theoretical exercise but a question of practical importance. Did Ukraine make a right choice when declaring the EU integration as the policy priority? Second, the answer to this question gives guidance for policymakers of the EU and Ukraine for the decision on the future of the EU enlargement process.How Ukrainian exports would look like if the country joined EU in 2004? To answer these questions, this paper develops a methodology that allows predicting trade patterns of Ukrainian exports in such a hypothetical situation. The offered method assu mes that the main differences between being an EU member and being a typical CIS country stem from the changes in behavioral relationships of the parameters of the gravity equation rather than from the changes in factors that represent the gravity forces per se (see Egger, Pfaffermayr, and Schmidt 2006).By setting its regulatory framework in line with the EU standards, signing a deep FTA with EU, and, in the long run, achieving its final goal of becoming a full-fledged EU member, the Ukraine would gradually evolve from being a part of the CIS trading bloc with its distinct reliance on export of raw materials towards being a part of the EU trading block with a high degree of intra-industry trade in processed goods. Therefore, its trade patterns would become more in line with the trade patterns of the Eastern European countries.The behavioral changes would come from better access to the EU market, changes in the institutional environment, deep reforms of the regulatory framework, and standardization of export and import regulations. To capture the behavioral changes, the gravity model is estimated for two samples: one sample includes sixteen Eastern European countries – twelve EU member countries that recently joined EU (EU12) and four countries that are not member of the EU but are considered as candidates for enlargement in the future (EUC4) ; the other sample includes nine CIS countries .In addition to evaluating the behavioral change, the novelty of the paper lies in applying an estimation of the disaggregated gravity equation using the two stage procedure developed by Helpman, Melitz, and Rubinstein (2008) (henceforth HMR). The method explicitly deals with a substantial number of zero trade flows, and unobserved firm-level heterogeneity.Unlike the HMR method, we exploit both cross-sectional and time dimensions to remove the pair-specific fixed effects that can bias the cross-sectional results and estimate the impact of the EU accession on bilateral t rade flows by the Hausman-Taylor method (Hausman and Taylor, 1981) treating the EU accession as an endogenous decision that correlates with variable and fixed costs of trade. The model demonstrates substantial costs of not integrating into EU.If the Ukraine had became an EU member in 2004, it would have benefited from an increase in export volumes, redirection of trade from CIS trading partners towards the EU trading partners, and restructuring of exports from industrial products with low value added, primarily exports of raw materials, towards exports of manufactured products with high value added and exports of agriculture and food .The benefits would have come not from the EU accession per se but from the gradual process of reforms, economic restructuring, and behavioral changes in the bilateral trade relationships with its trading partners. The initial losses from breaking the trade relationships with other CIS countries would be more than compensated later along the development path. The structure of the paper is as follows. Section 2 compares existing trade patterns of the Eastern European countries with trade patterns of the CIS countries.Section 3 briefly discusses the methodological issues, presents a theoretical model and develops the estimation procedure. Section 4 discusses data. Section 5 presents estimation results for aggregated trade data and discusses advantages of the Hausman-Taylor method. It also presents estimated gains in disaggregated exports from the EU-Ukraine trade integration for two counterfactual experiments. Finally, Section 6 concludes. Trade patterns of EU and CIS countries: first glance at the data The theory of regionalism and preferential trade agreements (i. . Baldwin, 1993; Baldwin et al. 2006) stresses that costs of non-integration into a regional trade bloc increase with the size of the bloc which, in turn, induces more countries to join the bloc due to a so-called â€Å"domino effect†: by lowering trade barriers a nd improving market access, a discriminatory liberalization of trade within a trading bloc gives an edge to the companies located within the bloc over the outsiders and create additional incentives for multinational companies (MNC) to move their activities inside the bloc.This creates an additional pressure for inclusion on outside countries. Hence, once started, the process of regionalization captures ever-growing number of countries. The story of the latest EU enlargement illustrates this point. The Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) that, by 1989, included fifteen Soviet republics, six Eastern European countries – Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Poland –, and three other countries – Cuba, Mongolia, and Vietnam generated a substantial intra-bloc trade due to a high degree of economic and political integration The economic cooperation with the rest of the world was limited at best and in some instances prohibited. Since the b eginning of transition, Eastern European countries and Baltic States have rapidly moved away from the Moscow-centered economic gravity towards the Brussels-centered one. As was correctly predicted by some scholars (i. e. Wang and Winters, 1991 Hamilton and Winters, 1992, and Baldwin, 1994), this led to the reorientation of their trade flows away from the CMEA countries towards the EU members.By 1995, Eastern European trade flows did not differ considerably from that of similar Western European countries and mostly exhausted the westward expansion of exports at the intensive margins of trade (Gros and Gonciarz (1996). This view is supported by a more recent World Bank (2005) report which shows that currently most of the EU12 countries trade above their potential or ‘normal’ level.